Venom from the Endoparasitic Wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca Adversely Affects the Morphology, Viability, and Immune Function of Hemocytes from Larvae of the Tomato Moth, Lacanobia oleracea

Richards, Elaine H.; Parkinson, Neil

doi:10.1006/jipa.2000.4948

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…When injected into the host, the eggs that had these particles removed were encapsulated (2). Beyond these PDV, venom is also involved in immune suppression, provoking alterations in the morphology, behavior, and functions of hemocytes in hosts parasitized by Pimpla hipochondriaca (27). Host regulation factors can be divided into different categories according to their origin and function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition sequence and offspring of mated and virgin females of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Diatraea saccharalis larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Scaglia¹,

Chaud-Netto²,

Brochetto-Braga³

et al. 2005

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:Large scale mass rearing of natural enemies has been a mean of improving biological control in the sugarcane intensive agriculture. Among them, Cotesia flavipes, a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid, was imported by Brasil to control caterpillars of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis. The C. flavipes larval development depends on its association with polydnavirus, which blocks the host defense reaction. To verify if the oviposition sequence (1 st , 2 nd or 3 rd ) and the female condition (mated or virgin) interfere in the number of C. flavipes descendents, 4 th instar caterpillars of D. saccharalis were parasitized. Analysis of the data showed that: a) there is an inverse correlation between the parasitism efficiency and the host reaction (encapsulation); b) the number of caterpillars parasitized by virgin females that released parasitoid larvae in the period from 12 to 15 days was higher than that of caterpillars parasitized by mated females; c) a slight difference between mated and virgin females in relation to the parasitim success was observed; and d) the number of encapsulated parasitoid larvae was higher than that of eggs, suggesting that eggs have a better capacity to overcome the host reaction. In this study, the viability of C. flavipes eggs and larvae in the non-specific host D. saccharalis could be correlated with the oviposition sequence and the female condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition sequence and offspring of mated and virgin females of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Diatraea saccharalis larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Scaglia¹,

Chaud-Netto²,

Brochetto-Braga³

et al. 2005

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…In endoparasitoids lacking PDVs, venom seems to play a major role in host immune suppression and host regulation. For example, in Pimpla hypochondriaca (Braconidae), venom adversely affects the morphology, viability, and immune function of hemocytes of the tomato moth, Lacanobia oleracea (Richards and Edwards, 1999;Richards and Parkinson, 2000). These authors have shown that at sublethal doses, venom has potent anti-hemocyte properties and can impair hemocyte-mediated immune responses.…”

Section: June 2003mentioning

confidence: 93%

Isolation and characterization of a novel venom protein from an endoparasitoid, Cotesia rubecula (Hym: Braconidae)

Asgari

Zareie²,

Zhang

et al. 2003

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Insects are important vectors of diseases with remarkable immune defense capabilities. Hymenopteran endoparasitoids are adapted to overcome the host defense system and, therefore, are useful sources of immune-suppressing proteins. Not much is known about venom proteins in endoparasitoids, especially those that have a functional relationship with polydnaviruses (PDVs). Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a small venom protein (Vn4.6) from an endoparasitoid, Cotesia rubecula, which interferes with the activation of the host hemolymph prophenoloxidase. The coding region for Vn4.6 is located upstream in the opposite direction of a gene coding for a C. rubecula PDV-protein (Crp32).

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“…The majority of parasitoid factors responsible for producing these effects appear to be derived from the reproductive tract of the female and are introduced into the host during oviposition. These include active factors present in maternal venom (Kitano, 1986;Tanaka, 1987a,b;Rizki and Rizki, 1990;Jones and Coudron, 1993;Parkinson and Weaver, 1999;Richards and Parkinson, 2000), ovarian fluids (Webb and Luckhart, 1994), and those produced by polydnaviruses (PDV) derived from adult wasp calyx fluid (Edson et al, 1981). With regard to their mode of action, these factors may act alone or in conjunction with each other.…”

Section: February 2002mentioning

confidence: 98%

Parasitism of Lacanobia oleracea (lepidoptera) by the ectoparasitic wasp, Eulophus pennicornis, disrupts the cytoskeleton of host haemocytes and suppresses encapsulation in vivo

Richards¹,

Edwards²

2002

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Parasitism of Lacanobia oleracea larvae by the ectoparasitic wasp Eulophus pennicornis suppressed host haemocyte-mediated encapsulation of Sephadex DEAE A-25 beads in vivo. Beads dissected out of parasitized larvae had fewer haemocytes associated with them. Moreover, those haemocytes that were associated with the beads tended to retain a rounded configuration and rarely flattened. Similar results were obtained using in vitro encapsulation assays. SDS PAGE indicated that for parasitized and PBS injected larvae, there were some differences in the plasma proteins that bound to Sephadex DEAE A-25 beads, suggesting that parasitism-mediated changes to host plasma proteins might contribute to the differences in the encapsulation response occurring in these larvae. However, in vitro encapsulation assays using beads that had been pre-incubated in plasma from parasitized and unparasitized larvae, demonstrated that major differences in the extent of encapsulation did not occur. These results, plus in vitro haemocyte attachment and spreading assays, suggest that parasitism-mediated suppression of encapsulation is primarily due to reductions in the ability of host haemocytes to attach to (i.e., recognize) and flatten over non-self surfaces and other haemocytes. This proposal is corroborated by staining of actin in the haemocyte cytoskeleton by FITC-labelled phalloidin, which indicated that parasitism disrupts the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in plasmatocytes. By contrast, experimental injection of adult female wasp venom into unparasitized L. oleracea larvae had no significant effect on in vivo encapsulation responses or the haemocyte cytoskeleton. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:108-124, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Venom from the Endoparasitic Wasp Pimpla hypochondriaca Adversely Affects the Morphology, Viability, and Immune Function of Hemocytes from Larvae of the Tomato Moth, Lacanobia oleracea

Cited by 81 publications

References 28 publications

Oviposition sequence and offspring of mated and virgin females of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Diatraea saccharalis larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Oviposition sequence and offspring of mated and virgin females of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Diatraea saccharalis larvae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Isolation and characterization of a novel venom protein from an endoparasitoid, Cotesia rubecula (Hym: Braconidae)

Parasitism of Lacanobia oleracea (lepidoptera) by the ectoparasitic wasp, Eulophus pennicornis, disrupts the cytoskeleton of host haemocytes and suppresses encapsulation in vivo

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