Venom Composition and Strategies in Spiders

Kuhn‐Nentwig, Lucia; Stöcklin, Reto; Nentwig, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387668-3.00001-5

Cited by 140 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…This signature may be reduced to the more general principal structural motif CX 6 CX n CC (C 1 X 6 C 2 X 5 C 4 C 5 in our case), and extra structural motif CXCX n CXC (C 6 XC 7 X m C 8 XC 9 in our case) that are characteristic of spider neurotoxins [23]. The principal structural motif and the extra structural motif in turn conform to the more general ICK motif CX 2-7 CX 3-11 CX 0-7 CX 1-17 CX [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] …”

Section: Ottx Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 52%

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Spider toxins comprising disulfide‐rich and linear amphipathic domains: a new class of molecules identified in the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius

et al. 2013

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In addition to the conventional neurotoxins and cytotoxins, venom of the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius was found to contain two-domain modular toxins named spiderines: OtTx1a, 1b, 2a and 2b. These toxins show both insecticidal activity (a median lethal dose against flesh fly larvae of 75 lgÁg À1) and potent antimicrobial effects (minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range 0.1-10 lM). Full sequences of the purified spiderines were established by a combination of Edman degradation, mass spectrometry and cDNA cloning. They are relatively large molecules (~110 residues, 12.0-12.5 kDa) and consist of two distinct modules separated by a short linker. The N-terminal part (~40 residues) contains no cysteine residues, is highly cationic, forms amphipathic a-helical structures in a membrane-mimicking environment, and shows potent cytolytic effects on cells of various origins. The C-terminal part (~60 residues) is disulfide-rich (five S-S bonds), and contains the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK/knottin) signature. The N-terminal part of spiderines is very similar to linear cytotoxic peptides found in various organisms, whereas the C-terminal part corresponds to the usual spider neurotoxins. We synthesized the modules of OtTx1a and compared their activity to that of full-length mature toxin produced recombinantly, highlighting the importance of the N-terminal part, which retained full-length toxin activity in both insecticidal and antimicrobial assays. The unique structure of spiderines completes the range of two-domain spider toxins. DatabaseThe protein sequences of the spiderines (OtTx) reported in this paper have been submitted to the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) under accession numbers P86716-P86719, and the nucleotide sequences encoding OtTx have been submitted to the GenBank under accession numbers JX134894-JX134897.

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Section: Ottx Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 52%

“…1). Most of the molecular mass species detected in this fraction by MALDI-MS had standard m/z values characteristic of spider toxins (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Interestingly, we also found comparatively high-molecular-mass components (12-12.5 kDa) that eluted at~35-45% acetonitrile from the C 4 -C 5 reverse phase (Fig.…”

Section: Toxin Purificationmentioning

confidence: 62%

Spider toxins comprising disulfide‐rich and linear amphipathic domains: a new class of molecules identified in the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius

et al. 2013

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“…These peptide neurotoxins primarily target presynaptic ion channels involved in electrical signaling and neurotransmitter release, including voltage-gated sodium (Na V ), calcium (Ca V ) and potassium (K V ) channels [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. As for arachnids, centipede venoms also appear to be rich in peptide neurotoxins that target voltage-gated ion channels:…”

Section: Novel Pharmacological Activities In Centipede Venom Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centipede venoms as a source of drug leads

Undheim

Jenner

King

2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

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Introduction: Centipedes are one of the oldest and most successful lineages of venomous terrestrial predators. Despite their use for centuries in traditional medicine, centipede venoms remain poorly studied. However, recent work indicates that centipede venoms are highly complex chemical arsenals that are rich in disulfide-constrained peptides that have novel pharmacology and three-dimensional structure. Areas covered:This review summarizes what is currently know about centipede venom proteins, with a focus on disulfide-rich peptides that have novel or unexpected pharmacology that might be useful from a therapeutic perspective. We also highlight the remarkable diversity of constrained threedimensional peptide scaffolds present in these venoms that might be useful for bioengineering of drug leads. Expert opinion:The resurgence of interest in peptide drugs has stimulated interest in venoms as a source of highly stable, disulfide-constrained peptides with potential as therapeutics. Well-studied venomous taxa such as cone snails and snakes have yielded FDA-approved drugs, while ancient invertebrate predators such as spiders and sea anemones have yielded molecules that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials, respectively. However, until recently, the paucity of research on centipede venoms made it easy to discount them as a potential source of peptides with therapeutically useful properties. Seminal studies over the past five years have revealed that centipede venoms have exceedingly complex proteomes that are perhaps richer than any other venom in unique disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds. Like most arthropod predators, centipede venoms are rich in peptides that target neuronal ion channels and receptors, but it is also becoming increasingly apparent that many of these peptides have novel or unexpected pharmacological properties with potential applications in drug discovery and development.

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“…Entre estes organismos, destacam-se espécies de aranhas KUHN-NENTWIG et al, 2011), serpentes (GIEORGIEVA et al, 2011), abelhas (GRAAF et al, 2009), vespas (SANTOS et al, 2011, formigas (HOFFMAN et al, 2005), escorpiões (SCHWARTZ et al, 2008), centopeias e sapos (RATES et al, 2011).…”

Section: Venômica: a Proteômica Aplicada Ao Estudo Das Peçonhasunclassified

As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil

Delabie¹,

Feitosa²,

Serrão³

et al. 2015

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SciELO Books / SciELO Livros / SciELO Libros DELABIE, JHC., et al., orgs. As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil [online]. Ilhéus, BA: Editus, 2015, 477 p. ISBN 978-85-7455-441-9. Available from SciELO Books .All the contents of this work, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.Todo o conteúdo deste trabalho, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribição 4.0.Todo el contenido de esta obra, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento 4.0. Prefácio Karl von Frisch, ganhador do prê-mio Nobel, biólogo comportamental e descobridor da comunicação pela dança em abelhas, observou que a vida desses insetos é como um poço mágico; quanto mais você tirar dele, mais ele se enche de água. Mas o que ele teria dito sobre o mundo das formigas, ou mesmo sobre o mundo das poneromorfas? Um único gê-nero de abelhas com apenas nove espécies é tão excitante e há tantas coisas para descobrir que dá para preencher a vida científi ca de centenas de geneticistas, etólogos e ecologistas, para não mencionar os milhares de apicultores e funcionários dos centros de pesquisa sobre abelhas. O que, então, podemos esperar dos aproximadamente 70 gêneros de Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae e Proceratiinae, representados por cerca de 1.800 espécies? As formigas poneromorfas do BrasilMesmo uma rápida olhada nas fotografi as de microscopia eletrônica de varredura do catálogo de Bolton ilustrando os gêneros de formigas do mundo deveria despertar o interesse de qualquer um que gosta da natureza. O que Th aumatomyrmex está fazendo no mundo com os suas forquilhas faciais? Por que Discothyrea mantém constantemente seu abdômen enrolado? E como é a sensação de ser picado pelas tocandeiras gigantes do gênero Paraponera?Além destas refl exões espontâneas de amador, os mirmecólogos do mundo inteiro têm considerado as poneromorfas por muito tempo modelos ideais para estudar diversos aspectos da vida social das formigas, para desvendar sua função nos ecossistemas, e usá-las para redesenhar a evolução precoce da eusocialidade. Em particular, espécies sem nenhuma diferença morfológica entre reprodutores e não reprodutores, tais como as Dinoponera ou diversas Platythyrea, tornaram-se modelos estimulantes para pesquisar como indivíduos morfologicamente uniformes puderam alcançar uma divisão de trabalho reprodutivo estável e como confl itos familiares entre indivíduos totipotentes são resolvidos. Outros táxons foram utilizados para elucidar a ação de poderosos e, às vezes alergênicos, venenos, a fl exibilidade dos sistemas de comunicação química e acústica, ou a evolução do cariótipo.A presente compilação cobre grande parte do que é preciso saber sobre as formigas poneromorfas neotropicais. Seus 30 capítulos bem escolhidos dão uma visão geral apropriada sobre a sua história taxonômica, ecologia e comportamento, e serão de grande ajuda para todos qu...

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Venom Composition and Strategies in Spiders

Cited by 140 publications

References 298 publications

Spider toxins comprising disulfide‐rich and linear amphipathic domains: a new class of molecules identified in the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius

Spider toxins comprising disulfide‐rich and linear amphipathic domains: a new class of molecules identified in the lynx spider Oxyopes takobius

Centipede venoms as a source of drug leads

As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil

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