Venezuelan debris flow and flash flood disaster of 1999 studied

Larsen, Matthew C.; Wieczorek, Gerald F.; Eaton, L. Scott; Morgan, Benjamin A.; Torres-Sierra, Heriberto

doi:10.1029/01eo00335

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The large debris flows of 16-17 December 1999 in the State of Vargas (northern Venezuela), which is a seismically active region (Dimaté et al, 1999), occurred in an unusually wet period, with 293 mm of rainfall in the first two weeks of December and 911 mm from 14 through 16 December (Larsen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Scaling Relationships With Basin Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris‐flow volumes in northeastern Italy: Relationship with drainage area and size probability

Marchi

Brunetti

Cavalli

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A dataset of 809 debris flows that occurred in 537 basins in mountainous areas of northeastern Italy between the mid‐19th century and 2015 is collected and analyzed. A remarkable increase in the number of events is observed in the last four decades and is mainly ascribed to more systematic data collection. The correlation between debris‐flow volume and drainage basin area is obtained assuming a power‐law relationship. The exponent of the power‐law curve at the 50th percentile (0.67 ± 0.02) indicates negative allometry, which means that basin area grows out of proportion to debris‐flow volume. In contrast, the exponents at the 98th and 99th percentiles are close to one, implying that debris‐flow volumes grow linearly with basin areas. The isometric relationship between the largest debris flows and the corresponding basin areas is due to the enhanced debris supply provided by the activation of widespread sediment sources, the extent of which is proportional to the basin size. The probability density function of debris‐flow volume for a subset of the collected dataset is calculated using the kernel density estimation function, which permits estimating the probability of the occurrence of debris flows that exceed a given threshold volume. The comparison with debris flows in other hydroclimatic regions shows that, although debris‐flow volumes in northeastern Italy may attain high values, they are often exceeded by debris flows that occur in seismically active regions and/or are triggered by more intense rainstorms. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Scaling Relationships With Basin Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris‐flow volumes in northeastern Italy: Relationship with drainage area and size probability

Marchi

Brunetti

Cavalli

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The ensuing landslides, flash floods and debris flows caused large-scale devastation, enormous economic damage and an estimated 30,000 deaths (Larsen et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of a “Dragon-King”: The 1999 Venezuelan catastrophe

Süveges

Davison

2012

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Abstract. We describe a failure of standard extremal models to account for a catastrophic rainfall event in the coastal regions of Venezuela on 14-16 December 1999, due both to inaccurate tail modelling and to an inadequate treatment of clusters of rare events. We investigate this failure, using a Dirichlet mixture model to approximate a form of moving maximum process that should provide accurate models for wide classes of extremal behaviour. This so-called M3-Dirichlet model may be fitted using an EM algorithm, and provides a reasonable explanation for the properties of the data, in terms of a seasonally-varying mixture of types of extreme rainfall clusters.

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“…Flooding becomes a hazard when the valley flat of a river is utilized for settlements or economic pursuits. This becomes disastrous when floods and human settlements compete for the same location, [28,29]. The world over, flooding as an environmental challenge is widely studied because of the devastating effects it has on the environment [30,31,32,33,34].…”

Section: Geohazards In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Laws in Nigeria and Occurrence of Some Geohazards: A Review

Osumgborogwu¹,

Chi-bo²

2017

AJEE

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Nigeria as a country is blessed with an abundance of both human and natural resources. Exploitation of natural resources in Nigeria over the years with little or no regard for the environment has increased susceptibility of parts of the country to identified geohazards. A suite of environmental laws exist in Nigeria, all these aimed at protecting both the environment and its inhabitants. The aim of this paper is to review existing environmental laws in Nigeria, and occurrence of identified geohazards as a result of absence or non-implementation of these laws. Data for this study were obtained primarily from secondary sources. They are published government reports, journal articles, books, as well as other resources on the environment of Nigeria. Results show that Nigeria as a country has suitable existing and well-meaning environmental laws. The country also has many agencies charged with the responsibilities of implementing these environmental laws and policies. However, the non-implementation and nonexistence of identified environmental laws and policies has increased both exposure and vulnerability of parts of the country to geohazards. The effects of these include; loss of means of livelihood, environmental degradation leading to Badlands in parts of the country, as well as death in extreme cases.

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Venezuelan debris flow and flash flood disaster of 1999 studied

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Debris‐flow volumes in northeastern Italy: Relationship with drainage area and size probability

Debris‐flow volumes in northeastern Italy: Relationship with drainage area and size probability

A case study of a “Dragon-King”: The 1999 Venezuelan catastrophe

Environmental Laws in Nigeria and Occurrence of Some Geohazards: A Review

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