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Venezuela’s ongoing economic and political crisis has forced more than 6 million people to emigrate from the country since 2014. In the Andean region, Ecuador is one of the main host countries for Venezuelan migrants and refugees. During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific measures were implemented in the country to control the spread of the disease and its associated impacts. In this context, we conducted a scoping review to understand how policies implemented by the Ecuadorian government during the pandemic impacted Venezuelan migrants’ right to health. The literature search focused on scientific and grey publications between 2018 and 2022 in electronic databases and institutional websites, complemented by snowball sampling and expert advice. Our thematic analysis revealed discrepancies between the rights granted to migrants in Ecuador’s legal framework and their practical implementation during the pandemic, with several instances of policy and programmatic infringement. Disruption of services further complicated migrant’s options for regularization. Some measures, like border closures, negatively impacted migrants’ health, including increased exposure to abuse and violence. While migrants were included in the country’s COVID-19 vaccination plan, they were excluded from other national aid programmes. There are indications of an increase in xenophobia and discrimination stigmatizing migrants as “disease carriers” and “resource takers”, resulting in a prioritization of services for the Ecuadorian population. We found limited research on the emergent topic of migrants’ vulnerability and related health system challenges. Future research should include working in border zones, consider socioeconomic factors, and further explore the poor implementation of Ecuador’s legal framework towards upholding of migrants’ right to health.
Venezuela’s ongoing economic and political crisis has forced more than 6 million people to emigrate from the country since 2014. In the Andean region, Ecuador is one of the main host countries for Venezuelan migrants and refugees. During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific measures were implemented in the country to control the spread of the disease and its associated impacts. In this context, we conducted a scoping review to understand how policies implemented by the Ecuadorian government during the pandemic impacted Venezuelan migrants’ right to health. The literature search focused on scientific and grey publications between 2018 and 2022 in electronic databases and institutional websites, complemented by snowball sampling and expert advice. Our thematic analysis revealed discrepancies between the rights granted to migrants in Ecuador’s legal framework and their practical implementation during the pandemic, with several instances of policy and programmatic infringement. Disruption of services further complicated migrant’s options for regularization. Some measures, like border closures, negatively impacted migrants’ health, including increased exposure to abuse and violence. While migrants were included in the country’s COVID-19 vaccination plan, they were excluded from other national aid programmes. There are indications of an increase in xenophobia and discrimination stigmatizing migrants as “disease carriers” and “resource takers”, resulting in a prioritization of services for the Ecuadorian population. We found limited research on the emergent topic of migrants’ vulnerability and related health system challenges. Future research should include working in border zones, consider socioeconomic factors, and further explore the poor implementation of Ecuador’s legal framework towards upholding of migrants’ right to health.
This study explains the Venezuelan migration involving unaccompanied or separated adolescents (UASA) on the Colombian–Venezuelan border, specifically in Norte de Santander-Táchira. This explanation is framed within the concept of the social moratorium, highlighting three subcategories that contribute to the early abandonment of childhood: 1. the violation of rights, 2. working life, and 3. confrontation of dangers. These subcategories compel UASA to transition prematurely into youth, assuming social, labor, or family responsibilities. Methodologically, we adopt a narrative approach, conducting group interviews with 24 immigrant children and adolescents. Furthermore, 14 interviews are conducted in 2 local markets, and the remaining 10 on 2 central avenues in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. We conduct a theoretical analysis drawing upon key concepts, including the social moratorium, social constructionism, interaction, and moral and cognitive development. This theoretical framework helps us understand the consequences for the life prospects of this generation. They arise from factors such as school dropout, exposure to health risks, and the absence of free leisure time. These indicators reflect socioeconomic problems, including poverty, abuse, and violence.
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