Venereal Problems in a Developing Country

G, Lomholt

doi:10.1177/004947557600600105

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The objectives were: (1) to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of new health education methods in eliciting attendance by 16 weeks of pregnancy in at least 75% of attenders; (2) to implement and evaluate prenatal syphilis screening in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes by (a) performing serological screening test on all attenders at first visit and repeating it early in third trimester; (b) treating all reactive women and their sexual partners adequately with appropriate drug regimen; and (3) to demonstrate improvement in pregnancy outcomes in the population covered, a year after implementation of the intervention outlined above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis intervention in pregnancy: Zambian demonstration project.

Hira

Bhat

Chikamata

et al. 1990

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Despite availability of simpler serologic tests for syphilis and near cure with penicillin, unacceptably high prevalence of infectious maternal syphilis exist in many developing countries, including Zambia. It is the foremost risk factor for mid-trimester abortions, stillbirths, prematurity and morbidity and mortality among infants born with congenital syphilis in Zambia. An intervention project was conducted in Lusaka aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of new health education methods and prenatal screening for syphilis in reducing the adverse outcomes during pregnancy. During pre-intervention phase, approximately 150 consecutive pregnant women from each of the three study and the three control centres were recruited when they presented in labour at the University Teaching Hospital. The intervention phase lasted for one year at the three study centres during which new methods of health education were introduced to improve early attendances during pregnancy. Also, on-site syphilis screening was performed twice during pregnancy and seroreactive women, and in many cases their sexual partners, were treated by the existing prenatal clinic staff. During the post-intervention phase the steps of pre-intervention phase were repeated to evaluate the impact of intervention. Overall, 8.0% of women were confirmed seroreactive for syphilis; there was no difference between the study and the control centres (p > 0.05). Fifty seven percent (132/230) of syphilitic pregnancies ended with an adverse outcome, that is, abortion (RR 5.0), stillbirth (RR 3.6), prematurity (RR 2.6) and low birth weight (RR 7.8). The overall risk of University Teaching

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis intervention in pregnancy: Zambian demonstration project.

Hira

Bhat

Chikamata

et al. 1990

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…In Kampala venereal diseases, in-364 cluding syphilis, pose a serious health problem (Kibukamusoke, 1965;Lomholt, 1976). Schaller (1962), reporting from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, found that 240% of patients with skin conditions suffered from syphilis.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high incidence of infectious syphilis has been found in several urban areas such as Addis Ababa (Schaller, 1962), Johannesburg (Dogliotti, 1971), and Kampala (Lomholt, 1976). Urbanisation has attracted thousands of young men to the big cities.…”

Section: Urbanisation and Population Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Venereal syphilis in tropical Africa.

Rampen¹

1978

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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SUMMARY A steady decline in the incidence of positive results to the Kahn test is reported in Malawian patients during the period 1968-75. Other studies have shown that the incidence of early and late syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa has dropped considerably over the past few decades. The number of reported cases of early syphilis in certain urban areas, however, appears to be high. It is suggested that the downward trend in the incidence of syphilis in Africa is related to the increased and often indiscriminate use of penicillin. IntroductionAnnual statistics have shown an apparent increase in the incidence of infectious syphilis in most western countries since about 1955. This increase is sometimes referred to as being 'world-wide', thus indicating that the same trend has also been observed in Africa. Although reliable information on the prevalence of venereal syphilis in African countries is scarce, it is a common assumption that syphilis is highly prevalent in most developing countries (Harris, 1975). The apparent increase in the incidence of infectious syphilis in Africa is attributed to changing environmental patterns, principally accelerated urbanisation and general migration. Moreover, the successful eradication of yaws in the 1950s is said to have made whole populations susceptible to infection with Treponema pallidum.During a three-year stay in Malawi, I noticed that the number of patients with early syphilis seen at the skin clinics in Blantyre was surprisingly low. Only 21 cases were registered over three years, whereas 1200-1600 new dermatological cases were seen each year. A study was (Trowell, 1960).In East Africa several authors had analogous findings. Beecher (1960) analysed the inpatient statistics of Kiambu Hospital, Kenya, from 1939-58. Whereas the number of cases of early syphilis ranged from 1-5 to 10-9 per 1000 admissions during the first half of the period under review, none was recorded in 1958. Reports from Kampala, Uganda, also show that the number of positive cases, using comparable test procedures, decreased considerably between 1966 and 1970 (Foster and Kerchan, 1966;Massawe, 1970). In West Africa Ba et al (1965) studied the epidemiological aspects of syphilis serology of outpatients in Dakar, Senegal, over the period 1956-64; the percentage of positive results showed a steady decline. These observations agree with recent reports from other African countries, indicating a low incidence of positive serological results in patients at prenatal consultations (Osoba and Onifade, 1973;Meheus et al, 1975).In contrast, a very high incidence of syphilis has been reported from a few, predominantly urban, areas. In Kampala venereal diseases, in-364 on 12 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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Malawi

G¹

1994

Global Dermatology

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Venereal Problems in a Developing Country

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Syphilis intervention in pregnancy: Zambian demonstration project.

Syphilis intervention in pregnancy: Zambian demonstration project.

Venereal syphilis in tropical Africa.

Malawi

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