Venereal factors in human cervical cancer.Evidence from marital clusters

Kessler, Irving I.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197704)39:4+<1912::aid-cncr2820390829>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 104 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…3,14,15 In the past three decades, the number of sexual partners and its consequences on increasing the risk of cervical cancer has evolved from being married to a man with an ex-wife with cervical cancer to being married to a man who has had 6 or more sexual partners throughout his life. [16][17][18] Smoking is considered a co-factor for cervical cancer because it suppresses the local immune system and thus accelerates the development of cervical cancer by increasing the risk of HPV infection. 19 Active smoking has been defined as a major risk factor in the development of cervical cancer in recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "male factor", known as the transmission of the disease by a male from an infected women is the source of sexual transmission. 17 Abnormal uterine bleeding can speed up opportunistic infections such as HPV, the main etiology of cervical cancer, due to the anemia and resulting immune suppression. In our study, 7.2% of women and in a study by Twinn et al 53.0% of women defined "abnormal uterine bleeding" as an important risk factor in cervical cancer.…”

Section: Level Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Women’s Knowledge and Behavior on Cervical Cancer, in Kayseri, Turkey

Şenol¹,

Balcı²,

Çetinkaya³

et al. 2012

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T OOb bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of death in women worldwide, can be prevented by education, routine screening and HPV immunization. This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge and behavior of married women over 18 years regarding cervical cancer in the city of Kayseri, Turkey. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : In this cross-sectional study performed in 2009 in the province of Kayseri, a questionnaire was filled out for 1000 married women over 18 with face-to-face interview. Women were asked a series of questions that evaluated their knowledge about cervical cancer, its risk factors, early signs and symptoms and whether they had undergone a Pap smear test within the last three years. Questions and correct answers were developed in accordance with the relevant literature. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : The mean age, age at first marriage, and parity were 35.40±12.77, 19.15±3.41, 2.57±1.86, respectively. The age of first sexual experience was the same as the age at first marriage and the rate of marriage before 20 years of age was 61%. The most prominent source of information was the media (63.4%). Smoking (13.3%) and having multiple sexual partners (13.0%) were the most well-known risk factors. Fifteen point four percent of women stated that early detection of cervical cancer was possible, and 15.0% stated that women at risk should have a Pap smear test at least once a year. Although 12.3% indicated that the Pap smear was the best diagnostic method, only 7.2% thought that this should be repeated every year. Eleven percent knew there was a vaccine for cervical cancer and 9.0% indicated that condom use was a protective measure. Only 16.1% of women stated that their knowledge about cervical cancer was sufficient, and the rate of women who underwent a Pap smear test within the last three years was 23.0%. While the level of knowledge was closely associated with age, occupational status, family income and educational background, having a Pap smear within the last three years was only associated with age and family income. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : There is a serious lack of knowledge and behaviour among married women regarding cervical cancer, risk factors and protective measures. Therefore, there is an urgent need for educational programs to enhance the level of awareness and motivation, and to enable routine screenings. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Uterine cervical neoplasms; knowledge; behavior; women Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Dünyada kadınlarda ikinci en sık ölüm nedeni olan serviks kanseri, eğitim, sistematik tarama ve HPV aşılaması ile önlenebilir. Bu çalışmada, 18 yaşın üzerindeki evli kadınların serviks kanseri hakkındaki bilgi ve davranış düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : 2009 yılında Kayseri il merkezinde yapılan bu kesitsel çalışmada, 18 yaş üzerindeki 1000 evli kadına yüz-yüze anket uygulandı. Kadınlara serviks kanseri, erken bulguları, risk faktör...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Level Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Knowledge and Behavior on Cervical Cancer, in Kayseri, Turkey

Şenol¹,

Balcı²,

Çetinkaya³

et al. 2012

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…The thesis that the continuum of disease leading to the development of uterine cervical carcinoma is associated with prior infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) has recently been tested at the molecular level by the use of in situ cytological hybridization (6)(7)(8)(9). The use of 3H-labeled viral DNAs as probes to detect virus-specific RNA (10,11) in cervical tissue has resulted in general agreement, based on published reports, that at least 30% ofall cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma tissues contain cells that bind a HSV-2 [3H]DNA probe but not probes representing other viral DNAs, indicating the presence of HSV-specific RNA (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Herpesvirus-specific RNA and protein in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

McDougall¹,

Crum²,

Fenoglio³

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cloned probes of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA were used in cytological hybridization experiments to detect herpesvirus RNA transcripts in the neoplastic cells of tumors of the uterine cervix. Virus-specific RNA was shown to represent transcription of limited regions of the genome, of which one is known to code for a DNA-binding protein that can be found by immunoperoxidase staining in the neoplastic cells of these tumors and has also been detected in cells transformed in vitro by this virus.The thesis that the continuum of disease leading to the development of uterine cervical carcinoma is associated with prior infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (1-5) has recently been tested at the molecular level by the use of in situ cytological hybridization (6-9). The use of 3H-labeled viral DNAs as probes to detect virus-specific RNA (10, 11) in cervical tissue has resulted in general agreement, based on published reports, that at least 30% ofall cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma tissues contain cells that bind a HSV-2 [3H]DNA probe but not probes representing other viral DNAs, indicating the presence of HSV-specific RNA (7-9). The majority of these in situ hybridizations have been conducted with whole genomic DNA as the probe. In this report we summarize our studies using cloned subgenomic fragments of HSV-2 DNA as hybridization probes to define regions of the virus genome from which the detected RNA species are transcribed and correlate the findings with attempts to identify viral antigen(s) expressed in cervical carcinoma cells.There have been numerous reports that antibodies to HSVspecific proteins are found more frequently, or at higher titer, in women with CIN or cervical carcinoma than in controls (12)(13)(14) and that HSV-specific antigens can be detected in the neoplastic cells by immunofluorescent or other methods (15)(16)(17). Among the abundance ofsometimes confusing data (18,19), two series of recent reports were of interest with respect to our in situ hybridization results. First, antiserum to the major HSV-2 binding protein (20) was shown to react with human cervical carcinoma cells in two separate studies (21,22). The tumor antigens of other DNA viruses have been shown, without exception, to have DNA-binding properties (23), and a herpes simplex tumor antigen might be expected to exhibit a similar function. Second, it was demonstrated that sera from patients with cervical carcinoma precipitated two HSV-2 polypeptides (with molecular weights 38,000 and 118,000) more frequently than did sera from controls (24).The 38,000-dalton protein was ofinterest because it has been shown that a protein of this size is encoded within Bgl II fragment N of HSV-2 DNA (25, 26), which has been reported to have transforming activity in rodent cells (27,28).Rodent cells transformed in vitro by HSV-2 have been reported to express a number of HSV-specific antigens including VP143 (29), ICP10 (30), thymidine kinase (31, 32), membrane glycoproteins gA/gB (33, 34), and CP-1 (35)...

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“…Twenty-nine clusters of 2 women married to the same man all developed cervical cancers. 56 Singer et al 57 also found evidence that some males are more prone to have a spouse with cervical cancer than others. Numerous anecdotal reports of concurrent carcinomas of the penis and cervix have been reported in the scientific literature.…”

Section: Microenvironmental Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus???Related Lesions of the Penis

Ayala¹,

Barreto²,

Rodrı́guez³

et al. 2005

Pathology Case Reviews

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be associated with numerous lesions of the penis. Most of these are benign, such as condylomas, or preneoplastic lesions. In the later, HPV is found in almost all cases. It is therefore counterintuitive that HPV is present in only a portion of penile carcinomas, mainly basaloid and warty carcinomas. It is evident that the penile mucosa is relatively resistant to HPV oncogenesis and that invasive cancers arise only when the right conditions exist. Among these is the presence of foreskin, which appears to have a permissive role. HPV is transmitted sexually, and males are apparently a reservoir for this virus.

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Venereal factors in human cervical cancer.Evidence from marital clusters

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Women’s Knowledge and Behavior on Cervical Cancer, in Kayseri, Turkey

Women’s Knowledge and Behavior on Cervical Cancer, in Kayseri, Turkey

Herpesvirus-specific RNA and protein in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Human Papillomavirus???Related Lesions of the Penis

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