Velocity profiles in a closed, unbaffled vessel: comparison between experimental LDV data and numerical CFD predictions

Computational Fluid Mixing

“…Armenante et al (1997) who studied vessels with a lid), but more recent works have attempted to simulate the free surface shape using, for example using the volume of fluid (VOF) method first proposed by Hirt & Nichols (1981). This is a form of two-phase simulation, which tracks the volume of fluid, f using a transport In practice, the change from gas to liquid is not abrupt and hence specialised methods have to be applied to sharpen and interpret the interface (e.g.…”

“…Harris et al, (1996) and Jaworski and Zakrzewska (2002) have studied more advanced RANS models, such as the Reynolds stress model (RSM), but these also suffer from similar difficulties in predicting the turbulence quantities. Armenante et al (1997) reported good predictions of the mean velocities and turbulence using an algebraic stress model (ASM) but their simulations used a black box approach (see section 8.4.2), and cannot be considered an a priori calculation. The ASM is a simplification of the RSM, which proposes a set of approximate algebraic equations which relate the Reynolds stresses.…”

“…The ASM is a simplification of the RSM, which proposes a set of approximate algebraic equations which relate the Reynolds stresses. Other than the study by Armenante et al (1997), the ASM model has not been extensively tested and validated for prediction of turbulent flows in stirred tanks.…”

Numerical study of fluid flow and power consumption in a stirred vessel with a Scaba 6SRGT impeller

“…With computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we can examine various parameters contributing to various phenomena in a shorter time and with less expense, a task otherwise difficult in experimental techniques. During the last two decades, CFD has become an important tool for understanding flow phenomena (Armenante et al, 1997), developing of new processes, and optimising the existing processes (Sahu et al, 1998). The capability of CFD tools to forecast mixing behaviour in terms of mixing time, power consumption, flow pattern and velocity profiles is considered as a successful achievement of these methods and acceptable results have been obtained.…”

Comments on Flow characteristics of axial high speed impellers (Chem. Process Eng., 2010, 31, 661)

“…Further, authors will agree that the direct correlation of hydraulic efficiency (N QP /N P ) with efficient solid suspension is difficult with the present status of knowledge. The available published literature may not be sufficient to develop clear recommendations over a wide range of fluid and solid properties and geometrical details of stirred tanks (Bourne and Sharma, 1974;Chapman et al, 1983;Dohi et al, 2004;Lali et al, 1989;Musil et al, 1978;Nienow, 1968;Raghav Rao et al 1988;Rewatkar et al, 1991a;1991b;Zhu and Wu, 2002;Zweitering, 1958 (Armenante and Chou, 1996;Armenante et al, 1997;Bakker and Oshinowo, 2004;Bakker and van den Akker, 1994;Bakker et al, 1996;Bakker et al, 1997;Brucato et al, 1998;Bugay et al, 2002;Derksen, 2001;Fentiman et al, 1998;Firoz et al, 2004;Fokema et al, 1994;Harvey et al, 1995;Harvey et al, 1996;Jahoda et al, 2007;Jaworski et al, 1996;Kumaresan et al, 2005;Li et al, 2005;Mavros et al, 1998;Murthy et al, 2007;Murthy et al, 2008;Nere et al, 2001;Nurtono et al, 2009;Ranade et al, 1992;Ranade et al, 2002;Roussinove et al, 2003;Roy et al, 2010;Rutherford et al, 1996;…”