“…Moreover, most studies on structural design and optimization have focused on the interaction between the armature and rails [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. It has been reported that the contact relationship between the armature and rails plays a key role in launch performance [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] by affecting the velocity and precision of the system [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between rails and insulators.…”