Velocity Planning of an Electric Vehicle Using an Evolutionary Algorithm

Comparison of unibody and frame body versions of ultra efficient electric vehicle

“…The problem of optimizing the entire electric energyefficient vehicle was the subject of earlier research and the subject of separate publications [1,3], however, to present the context of works on the supporting structure, the main assumptions of the methodology for optimizing the whole vehicle were also presented in order to better understand the developmental context of the load-bearing structure.…”

“…2. The same structure and completion of significant internal vehicle components ensuring very low energy consumption while driving a vehicle [3].…”

Model-Based Optimization of Velocity Strategy for Lightweight Electric Racing Cars

“…The air drag coefficient c was estimated as a result of CFD analysis using ANSYS software [24]; and it was also verified by the research in wind tunnel at the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw. Frontal area of vehicle A was determined from a three-dimensional model in CAD environment, Catia V5.…”

“…As part of this work phase, the vectors st , st 15 , and st 10 of the optimum control strategy for an electric vehicle for routes 1, 2, and 3 were determined. During evolutionary optimization, the heuristic method of crossing was used, and the probability of crossing was established on the basis of previous studies at the level of 0.8 [24,29]. At the 0+100 0+200 0+300 0+400 0+500 0+600 0+700 0+800 0+900 1+000 stage of reproduction, the elitist succession method was applied where the best adapted two individuals in the current population passed to the next population.…”

“…Accordingly, in case of control scheme B, two velocity vectors are designated as follows: The value of the function is also used to evaluate the velocity strategy of the vehicle. In the preliminary studies [24], the following fitness function f was used.…”