Velocity, Occlusion, and Sex of Subjects in Coincidence of Anticipation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess effects of velocity, occlusion distance, and sex on coincidence of anticipation. The Bassin anticipation timer was used to test 25 men and 25 women when velocity was .69 m/sec. and 1.38 m/sec. or "slow" and "fast", and occlusion distances of zero, 1.06 m and 2.12 m were "zero," "small," and "large" on a 4.25-m length of track. There were six test conditions. Analysis showed that increased occlusion distances produced increased absolute, constant, and variable error scores. A significant interaction of velocity and occlusion appeared for all error measures. With an increase in occlusion distance at the slow velocity constant error increased in the positive direction or early response while at the fast velocity a similar increase in constant errors was seen but in the negative direction or late response. Under zero occlusion the expectation that performance at the fast velocity would be more accurate and show less variability than at the slow velocity was not supported. Also, sex did not significantly affect anticipation time in any condition or on any error measures.

Speed, resistance, and unexpected accelerations modulate feed forward and feedback control during a novel weight bearing task

“…increasing speed). Increased speed equating to increased difficulty has been supported in many motor control paradigms including: line tracing [20], reciprocal motions [3], and incident-anticipation [21, 22]. The effects of resistance on motor tasks has been less definitive, where increased pen weight (resistance) increased the error of a reciprocal task [3], though resistance did not influence the error of a complex repeated motion [6].…”

Effects of sport expertise on representational momentum during timing control

“…The timing control in the occlusion condition requires sufficient cognitive load to estimate the TTC (DeLucia & Liddell, 1998;Jagacinski, Johnson, & Miller, 1983;Tresilian, 1995). The general consensus across numerous studies is that a shorter visible length will yield substantial timing errors, as participants must respond without a continuous view of the moving target, while a longer visible length will yield more accurate responses, as individuals can acquire more detailed information about the target (e.g., Harrold & Kozar, 2002;Payne, 1986;Whiting, Gill, and Stephenson, 1970). Therefore, larger RM (i.e., longer visible length) after the midpoint of the trajectory (i.e., after the target vanished) would aid timing judgment of the end of the trajectory.…”

Manual asymmetry in a complex coincidence-anticipation task: Handedness and gender effects

“…While males have been found to be more accurate and less variable than women (Les et al, 2002;, there is also empirical evidence showing no gender effects (Harrold & Kozar, 2002;Millslagle, 2004;.…”

“…Variables such as age (Benguigui, Broderick, & Ripoll, 2004;Lobjois, Benguigui, & Bertsch, 2005, stimulus speed (Coker, 2003;Harrold & Kozar, 2002;Teixeira, Lima, & Franzoni, 2005), gender (Les, Katene, & Fleming, 2002;Millslagle, 2004;, motorresponse complexity (Teixeira, 2006;Williams, Jasiewicz, & Simmons, 2001), and manual asymmetry (Cockerill, van Zyl, & Nevill, 1988;Coker, 2004) have been studied currently in the coincidenceanticipation literature.…”