Velociraptorine Dromaeosaurid Teeth from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Germany

Lubbe, Torsten van der; Richter, Ute; Knötschke, Nils

doi:10.4202/app.2008.0007

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Stratigraphy follows von der Lubbe et al . () and Thies et al . (), both of which are based on Fischer ().…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…; von der Lubbe et al . ). The sediments of the early and late Kimmeridgian, exposed in Langenberg Quarry, are mainly dominated by limestones, interlaid with carbonates and mudstones that were deposited within a shallow marine inlet or a small marginal basin of the Late Jurassic Germanic Basin (Fischer ; Mudroch and Thies ; von der Lubbe et al .…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany

Jansen

Klein

2013

Palaeontology

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Turtles are frequently found in fluviatile to lagoonal and shallow marine sediments in the Upper Jurassic of Western Europe. These turtles usually show a mixture of basal and derived characters, but phylogenetic relationships are still largely unresolved. This is mainly due to the incompleteness of fossils and the lack of taxonomically unambiguous characters and is also related to the presence of different ontogenetic stages, which are not easy to compare. The morphological description of a new turtle from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry (Oker, Lower Saxony, Germany) gives further insights into the ontogeny of basal eucryptodire turtles as well as into aquatic adaptation of Upper Jurassic turtles. The specimen is herein left in open nomenclature, due to the fact that it represents a juvenile individual. Several characters define the specimen as juvenile: its small size (7.28 cm carapace length); lateral carapacial fontanelles; enlarged vertebral scutes; a radial striation pattern covering the entire carapace; and the grade of ossification of preserved skull and limb elements. A clear aquatic adaptation of the individual is the elongated manus, a feature that is independent of ontogenetic age. The elongated manus may indicate a marine lifestyle and the individual possibly inhabited nearshore to offshore areas around the former Jurassic islands, which today form the Saxony Basin. The ossification pattern of the carapace of this eucryptodire turtle resembles that of known Jurassic paracryptodires and thus provides new insights to the ontogeny of Jurassic turtles.

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“…Stratigraphy follows von der Lubbe et al . () and Thies et al . (), both of which are based on Fischer ().…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany

Jansen

Klein

2013

Palaeontology

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“…Bakker and colleagues (1988) suggested that the mesialmost procumbent dentary teeth of tyrannosaurids allowed to bite a chunk of bone and flesh off a prey's body part that was gently curved such as the rib-cage and abdominal wall when the head was moving forward. In ornithomimosaurs with mesially inclined teeth like Nqwebasaurus and Shenzhousaurus, in which a herbivorous diet has been inferred (Makovicky et al, 2004;Zanno and Makovicky, 2011;Choiniere et al, 2012), procumbency is most likely adapted for the prehension of vegetation, perhaps for branch raking/stripping as suggested for other saurischians like Diplodocus (e.g., Barrett and Upchurch, 1994;Upchurch and Barrett, 2000). The procumbency seen in the lateral dentition of ornithomimosaurs and other maniraptoriforms may also result from a trophic shift from carnivory to herbivory (Zanno and Makovicky, 2011;Choiniere et al, 2012).…”

Section: Procumbent Laterocumbent and Retrocumbent Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distal larger than mesial denticles. Long thought to characterize the dentition of Dromaeosauridae, and therefore used as a primary feature to identify dromaeosaurid teeth (e.g., Rauhut and Werner, 1995;Sweetman, 2004;Vullo et al, 2007;Lubbe et al, 2009), the difference in size between mesial and distal is widespread among other clades. Subtle differences in size may occur between mesial and distal denticles, and we consider there is a significant size variation between the mesial and distal denticulated carinae when the denticle size index (DSDI) is higher than 1.2 or lower than 0.9.…”

Section: Size Difference Between Mesial and Distal Denticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Teeth, and particularly tooth enamel, are robust skeletal elements (Hillson, 2005), and most toothed theropods had 50 or more teeth that were replaced every one to two years (Fiorillo and Currie, 1994;Erickson, 1996). Consequently, theropod teeth are one of the most common fossils in terrestrial Mesozoic formations (e.g., Erickson, 1996;Smith et al, 2005;Blob and Badgley, 2007) and are constantly reported in the literature (e.g., Currie et al, 1990;Rauhut and Werner, 1995;Baszio, 1997;Zinke, 1998;Sankey et al, 2002;Sweetman, 2004;Maganuco et al, 2005;Vullo et al, 2007;Larson, 2008;Casal et al, 2009;Lubbe et al, 2009;Ősi et al, 2010;Han et al, 2011;Sues and Averianov, 2013;Larson and Currie, 2013;Richter et al, 2013;Torices et al, 2015;Kear et al, 2013;Madzia, 2014;Hendrickx and Mateus, 2014a;Cobos et al, 2014;Tavares et al, 2014;Fanti et al, 2014;Brusatte and Clark, 2015;Csiki-Sava et al, 2016;Gerke and Wings, 2016;Alonso et al, 2017;Malafaia et al, 2017a;Avrahami et al, 2018;Frederickson et al, 2018;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: Taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends

Hendrickx

Mateus

Araújo

et al. 2019

Palaeontol Electron

150

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Machine learning confirms new records of maniraptoran theropods in Middle Jurassic UK microvertebrate faunas

Wills

Underwood

Barrett

2023

Papers in Palaeontology

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Current research suggests that the initial radiation of maniraptoran theropods occurred in the Middle Jurassic, although their fossil record is known almost exclusively from the Cretaceous. However, fossils of Jurassic maniraptorans are scarce, usually consisting solely of isolated teeth, and their identifications are often disputed. Here, we apply different machine learning models, in conjunction with morphological comparisons, to a suite of isolated theropod teeth from Bathonian microvertebrate sites in the UK to determine whether any of these can be confidently assigned to Maniraptora. We generated three independent models developed on a training dataset with a wide range of theropod taxa and broad geographical and temporal coverage. Classification of the Middle Jurassic teeth in our sample against these models and comparison of the morphology indicates the presence of at least three distinct dromaeosaur morphotypes, plus a therizinosaur and troodontid in these assemblages. These new referrals significantly extend the ranges of Therizinosauroidea and Troodontidae by some 27 myr. These results indicate that not only were maniraptorans present in the Middle Jurassic, as predicted by previous phylogenetic analyses, but they had already radiated into a diverse fauna that pre‐dated the break‐up of Pangaea. This study also demonstrates the power of machine learning to provide quantitative assessments of isolated teeth in providing a robust, testable framework for taxonomic identifications, and highlights the importance of assessing and including evidence from microvertebrate sites in faunal and evolutionary analyses.

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Velociraptorine Dromaeosaurid Teeth from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Germany

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany

A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany

The distribution of dental features in non-avian theropod dinosaurs: Taxonomic potential, degree of homoplasy, and major evolutionary trends

Machine learning confirms new records of maniraptoran theropods in Middle Jurassic UK microvertebrate faunas

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