Velhice E Projetos De Vida: Um Estudo Com Idosos Residentes No Município De Natal/Rn, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMO:A visão da velhice como fase de declínios vem se modificando e a literatura já elucida ganhos e influências da subjetividade na vivência da velhice e nas expectativas dos idosos. Neste estudo, buscou-se contemplar os projetos de vida de idosos usuários da Rede de Atenção Básica de Saúde do Distrito Leste de Natal/RN. Participaram da pesquisa 65 idosos, com idade média de 71 anos, a qual ocorreu através de um estudo transversal com um questionário estruturado. Observou-se que 81% da amostra são do sexo feminino e 40% são viúvos. Os idosos residem com duas (41%) ou três (37%) gerações, as quais geralmente correspondem a filhos, já que 88% os têm, e netos, presentes na vida de 81% dos idosos. Com relação aos projetos de vida, 65% afirmaram ter algum projeto, dos quais 20% remetem a comprar ou reformar a casa, 6% viver bem e com saúde e 5% trabalhar. Dentre os projetos, 20% apontaram ainda projetos diversos para si próprios, enquanto 9% responderam ter algum projeto voltado para seus filhos e/ou netos. Percebe-se que alguns idosos não conseguem deixar de envolver o seu cotidiano e ambiente social na escolha de seus projetos de vida, os quais envolvem interesses, motivações, desejos e aspirações pessoais. Apesar das adversidades e condições de existência que impõem desafios, a velhice se configura como uma fase de desenvolvimento, de acréscimo, de maturidade e com perspectivas positivas para o futuro. Além disso, a velhice não impossibilita a elaboração de projetos de vida, já que esses são inerentes à vida e à constituição de cada indivíduo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Idosos. Projetos de Vida. Psicologia da Saúde. ABSTRACT:The vision of the oldness as a phase of declines has been modified and the literature already clarifies gains and context influences of subjectivity in the old age and in the expectations of the elderly. In this study, it was sought to contemplate the life projects of the elderly, who are users of the network basic health care of Natal Eastern District/RN. Sixty five elderly, with an average age of 71 years old, participated in the research, which happened through a cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire. It was found that 81% of the sample were women, and 40% of it, were widows. The elderly reside with two (41%) or three (37%) generations, which usually correspond to sons,88% of the elderly have them , and grandsons, present in the life of 81% of the elderly. Regarding life projects, 65% of the interviewed stated to have some. From those projects, 20% resemble on buying or reforming houses, 6%, on living well and with health, and 5%, on working. Among the projects, 20% of the elderly pointed out various projects for themselves, while 9%, responded to have some project directed to their sons and/or grandsons. It`s possible to observe that some elderly are not able not to involve their day-by-day and social environment when choosing their life projects, which involve interests, motivations, personal desires and aspirations. Despite the adversities and challenges imposed by existence conditions, the old age is configurate as a developing and maturing phase, with positive perspectives for the future..Besides that, the oldness doesn`t prevent the development of life projects, since these are inherent to life and to the constitution of each one. KEYWORDS: Elderly. Life Projects. Health Psychology

Theoretical statements on life projects: A scoping review

“…Therefore, an LP is built at the interface between subjectivity and objectivity, constrained yet not entirely determined by the individual’s access to resources, social values, and interpersonal relationships. As posited by Ferreira et al (2010): The formulation of LPs is not restricted to the individual’s objective conditions. Rather, it is promoted through the dialectic between subjectivity and objectivity.…”

“…These definitions reduced an LP to a cognitive representation of intended future states of affairs—that is, “the set of goals one sets for life” (Zordan & Wagner, 2009, p. 92; our translation). Some purely intentional definitions also portrayed an LP as an intention to transform reality—that is, “an intention to transform one’s daily life, composed of a representation toward such transformation” (Ferreira et al, 2010, p. 167; our translation).…”

“…A theoretical statement refers to an excerpt that defines a concept (term definition), claims the existence of the phenomenon associated with a concept (existence statement), or describes a relationship between concepts (relational statement; Reynolds, 2016). An example of a term definition found within the corpus is: “[a] life project is an intention to transform one’s daily life, composed of a representation toward such transformation” (Ferreira et al, 2010, p. 167; our translation). An example of an existence statement is: “the term ‘project’ primarily refers to an action undertaken within a time perspective” (Almeida & Magalhães, 2011, p. 207; our translation).…”

“…Therefore, an LP is built at the interface between subjectivity and objectivity, constrained yet not entirely determined by the individual's access to resources, social values, and interpersonal relationships. As posited by Ferreira et al (2010):…”