Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Interference Mitigation Using Digital Beamforming Approach in Roundabout Scenarios

Abstract

The Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) paradigm is a promising technology to enable the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) for future integration with 5G and 6G infrastructures in smart cities. However, VANET can be susceptible to wireless interference, like co-channel interference, which can cause communication quality and performance to deteriorate, threatening vehicular safety applications, including traffic management and accident prevention. Hence, VANET requires practical interference mitigation strategies, such as digital beamforming, that mitigate the signals from unwanted directions while improving the reception of signals from desired directions with adequate precision, which is helpful for VANET's highly mobile environments. In this paper, a review of the literature on digital beamforming techniques is carried out that examines their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, an important contribution of this paper is the development of an experimental platform for a roundabout VANET based on simulations, where different digital beamforming algorithms, such as phase-shift and Minimum-Variance Distortionless-Response (MVDR), are tested. The results show that the MVDR algorithm leads to improvement due to its adaptability to ad hoc environments. Also, they show that MVDR adaptive beamforming improves Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) and reduces outage event proportion compared to non-beamforming and conventional beamforming scenarios, highlighting their potential to mitigate co-channel interference in highly changing VANET environments. Therefore, adaptive digital beamforming can improve the performance and reliability of VANETs, offering the potential for advanced wireless network implementations in smart cities with 5G and 6G infrastructures.INDEX TERMS Co-channel interference, digital beamforming, interference mitigation, internet of vehicles, vehicular ad hoc network. This paper aims to assess and contrast the performance of digital beamforming algorithms such as phase-shift and

Insights into Simulated Smart Mobility on Roundabouts: Achievements, Lessons Learned, and Steps Ahead

“…Regarding the third key issue, integrating smart roundabouts with sustainable transportation solutions shows promise [85,[116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]. Intelligent transportation systems have become crucial for smart city development, necessitating vehicle awareness, especially in high-risk areas like intersections and roundabouts [116,117].…”

“…While requiring further generalization, the system adeptly tracked vehicles, even when partially occluded. In turn, Ornelas-Gutierrez et al [121] utilized vehicular ad hoc networks to integrate the Internet of Vehicles with advanced wireless technology in smart cities. Their research highlighted the crucial role of dynamic beamforming in effectively managing the complexities of roundabouts and ensuring reliable communication.…”

“…Interoperability and compatibility with existing infrastructures and vehicle systems pose additional issues [107,111]. Smart roundabouts should rely on interconnected networks and communication protocols, necessitating seamless integration with other smart transportation initiatives for efficiency and reliability [105,110,111,121]. Privacy and data security concerns also arise from sensitive information collection.…”

“…Integration with sustainable transportation solutions [85,[116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128].…”