Vegetative regeneration in invasive<i>Reynoutria</i>(Polygonaceae) taxa: the determinant of invasibility at the genotype level

Pyšek, Petr; Brock, J. H.; Berchová‐Bímová, Kateřina; Mandák, Bohumil; Jaros̆ı́k, Vojtĕch; Koukolikova, Irena; Pergl, Jan; Štěpánek, Jan

doi:10.3732/ajb.90.10.1487

Cited by 107 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…A low proportion of seedling establishment even under substantial seed production is common in plants. Our results were incongruent with Pyšek et al (2003) who showed increased invasive dynamics of F. × bohemica in the Czech Republic. Pyšek et al (2003) argued that its higher invasive potential was due to a combination of sexual and vegetative reproduction, higher vegetative growth, and genotypic diversity of the hybrids.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Our results were incongruent with Pyšek et al (2003) who showed increased invasive dynamics of F. × bohemica in the Czech Republic. Pyšek et al (2003) argued that its higher invasive potential was due to a combination of sexual and vegetative reproduction, higher vegetative growth, and genotypic diversity of the hybrids. The differences in the two studies were likely the result of different spatial and temporal scales, and differences in methodology.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

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Landscape dynamics and habitat selection by the alien invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) in Belgium

2008

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Habitat patch colonization dynamics and distribution patterns were analysed at a landscape scale in four invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) species. Fallopia sachalinensis and F. aubertii were uncommon and population expansion was not evident during the three consecutive years of study. The two most widespread species, F. japonica and F. × bohemica displayed similar habitat selection patterns with ruderal and natural/semi-natural forests favoured. The highest densities of F. japonica and F. × bohemica individuals were at the edge of preferred habitat patches with different patterns of edge selection. Linear network played an important role in species invasion, with 71% of all F. japonica and F. × bohemica occurring within a 10 m buffer of total linear networks (roads, railways, and rivers). However, the buffer represented only 14.5% of the total landscape surface. The rate of population increase was higher for F. japonica (75.8% and 35.2%, in 2002 and 2003, respectively) than for F. × bohemica (63.6% and 0% in 2002 and 2003, respectively) and was largely the result of intra-patch dynamics with low inter-patch colonization. The total surface area occupied by Fallopia clones in the landscape grew by 34.7% over 2 years of the study, with comparable area growth means for F. japonica and F. × bohemica (34.9% and 34.7%, respectively). The hypothesis that F. × bohemica exhibits higher invasive dynamics due to both clonal and sexual reproduction was not supported by our results.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Landscape dynamics and habitat selection by the alien invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) in Belgium

2008

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“…These findings provide new evidence linking clonality to plant invasion, which is in accordance with previous studies based on individual species. For example, Pysˇek et al (2003) found that novel hybrid invasive genotypes may be produced by rare sexual reproduction, fixed by clonal growth, and presents a previously unknown threat to native vegetation. Maurer and Zedler (2002) suggested that both the resource subsidy from parent clones and resource foraging plasticity contribute to invader's ability to spread rapidly into native vegetation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive alien plants in China: role of clonality and geographical origin

et al. 2006

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Biological invasions have become a significant threat to the global environment. Unfortunately, to date there is no consensus on invasion mechanisms and predictive models. Controversies range from whether we can reliably predict which species may become invasive to which species characteristics (e.g., life history, taxonomic groups, or geographic origin) contribute to the invasion processes. We examined 126 invasive alien plant species in China to understand the role of clonality and geographical origin in their invasion success. These species were categorized into three groups (I, II, III) based on their invasiveness in terms of current spatial occupation and the degree of damage to invaded habitats. Clonal plants consisted of almost half (44%) of the 126 invasive species studied, and consisted of 66% of 32 the most invasive alien plant species (Group I). There was a significant positive relationship between clonality and species invasiveness. A 68% of the 126 species studied originated in the continent of America (North and/or South America). These preliminary findings support that America is the primary geographical origin of invasive alien plant species in China and that clonality of the invasive plant species contributed significantly to the their invasiveness. The results suggest an urgent need at the global scale to investigate the mechanisms whereby plant clonal growth influences plant invasions, and the need for a focus at regional scale to examine factors affecting the exchange of invasive plant species between America and China.

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“…Although the remarkably low species diversity in stands invaded by Fallopia is probably due to the competitive advantage resulting from its tall stature, rapid growth, dense rhi zome system, and successful regeneration from rhizomes Horn and Prach 1995;Bímová et al 2003;Pyšek et al 2003), constraints to germination of other species from phytotoxicity and shading may be another contributing mechanisms. The two target species tested, Urtica dioica and Calamagrostis epigejos, are among the most expansive native species in the Czech Republic (Prach and Wade 1992), dominating in riparian and ruderal habitats where Fallopia taxa often invade (Pyšek and Prach 1993;Brabec and Pyšek 2000).…”

Section: Potential For Allelopathic Effects In Fallopia Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological understanding of Fallopia invasion and impact is still rather poor; it is usually attributed to a high growth rate (Marigo and Pautou 1998), proliferous bio mass production (Brock 1995;Horn and Prach 1995), good regeneration ability de Waal 2001;Bímová et al 2003;Pyšek et al 2003) and its ability to grow at low nutrient levels (Adachi et al 1996). Possible allelopathic effects of Fallopia taxa on germination of other species have not yet been assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential phytotoxic and shading effects of invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) taxa on the germination of native dominant species

Moravcová¹,

Pyšek²,

Jaros̆ı́k³

et al. 2011

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Citation: Moravcová L, Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Zákravský P (2011) Potential phytotoxic and shading effects of invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) taxa on the germination of native dominant species. NeoBiota 9: 31-47. doi: 10.3897/neobiota.9.1266 Abstract Two species of the genus Fallopia (F. sachalinensis, F. japonica, Polygonaceae) native to Asia, and their hy brid (F. ×bohemica), belong to the most noxious plant invaders in Europe. They impact highly on invaded plant communities, resulting in extremely poor native species richness. The low number of native species in invaded communities points to the possible existence of mechanisms suppressing their germination. In this study we assessed, under laboratory conditions, whether there are phytotoxic effects of the three Fallopia congeners on seed germination of three target species: two native species commonly growing in habi tats that are often invaded by Fallopia taxa (Urtica dioica, Calamagrostis epigejos), and Lepidium sativum, a species commonly used in allelopathic bioassays as a control. Since Fallopia taxa form dense stands with high cover, we included varying light conditions as an additional factor, to simulate the effects of shading by leaf canopy on germination. The effects of aqueous extracts (2.5%, 5.0%, and 0% as a control) from dry leaves and rhizomes of the Fallopia congeners on germination of the target species were thus studied under two light regimes, simulating full daylight (white light) and light filtered through canopy (green light), and in dark as a control regime. Rhizome extracts did not affect germination. Light treatments yielded inconclusive results, indicating that poor germination and establishment of species in invaded stands is unlikely to be caused by shading alone. However, we found a pronounced phytotoxic effect of leaf extracts of Fallopia taxa, more so at 5.0% than 2.5% extract concentration. NeoBiotaLenka Moravcová et al. / NeoBiota 9: 31-47 (2011) 32 exerted the largest negative effect on the germination of Urtica dioica, F. ×bohemica on that of C. epigejos, and F. japonica had invariably the lowest inhibitory effect on all test species. The weak phytotoxic effect of F. japonica corresponds to the results of previous studies that found this species to be generally a weaker competitor than its two congeners. Although these results do not necessarily provide direct evidence for allelopathic effects in the field, we demonstrate the potential phytotoxic effect of invasive Fallopia taxa on the germination of native species. This suggests that allelopathy may play a role in the impact of Fallopia invasion on species diversity of invaded communities.

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Vegetative regeneration in invasiveReynoutria(Polygonaceae) taxa: the determinant of invasibility at the genotype level

Cited by 107 publications

References 49 publications

Landscape dynamics and habitat selection by the alien invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) in Belgium

Landscape dynamics and habitat selection by the alien invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) in Belgium

Invasive alien plants in China: role of clonality and geographical origin

Potential phytotoxic and shading effects of invasive Fallopia (Polygonaceae) taxa on the germination of native dominant species

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