Vegetative interactions among mycelia of <i>Laccaria bicolor</i> in pure culture and in symbiosis with <i>Pinus banksiana</i>

Bastide, Paul Y. de la; Piché, Yves; Kropp, Bradley R.

doi:10.1139/b95-189

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Haploid hyphae generated from meiotic spores near the parent dikaryon may even undergo dikaryon‐monokaryon mating (=di‐mon mating), which is typical for basidiomycetes, including Laccaria spp. (de La Bastide et al. 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex

et al. 2011

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Biogeographical patterns and large-scale genetic structure have been little studied in ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, despite the ecological and economic importance of EM symbioses. We coupled population genetics and phylogenetic approaches to understand spatial structure in fungal populations on a continental scale. Using nine microsatellite markers, we characterized gene flow among 16 populations of the widespread EM basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina over Europe (i.e. over 2900 km). We also widened our scope to two additional populations from Japan (10(4) km away) and compared them with European populations through microsatellite markers and multilocus phylogenies, using three nuclear genes (NAR, G6PD and ribosomal DNA) and two mitochondrial ribosomal genes. European L. amethystina populations displayed limited differentiation (average F(ST) = 0.041) and very weak isolation by distance (IBD). This panmictic European pattern may result from effective aerial dispersal of spores, high genetic diversity in populations and mutualistic interactions with multiple hosts that all facilitate migration. The multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear genes confirmed that Japanese and European specimens were closely related but clustered on a geographical basis. By using microsatellite markers, we found that Japanese populations were strongly differentiated from the European populations (F(ST) = 0.416), more than expected by extrapolating the European pattern of IBD. Population structure analyses clearly separated the populations into two clusters, i.e. European and Japanese clusters. We discuss the possibility of IBD in a continuous population (considering some evidence for a ring species over the Northern Hemisphere) vs. an allopatric speciation over Eurasia, making L. amethystina a promising model of intercontinental species for future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex

et al. 2011

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“…This disruption could also occur through introgression between native and non‐native fungal strains, if native and non‐native strains are vegetatively or sexually compatible with each other. For example, North American L. bicolor strains used to inoculate Douglas fir plantation trees in Europe have been shown to be genetically distinct from, but sexually compatible with, European strains at these sites (Mueller & Gardes 1991; De La Bastide et al. 1995).…”

Section: Potential Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum

et al. 2006

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Advances in ecology during the past decade have led to a much more detailed understanding of the potential negative consequences of species' introductions. Moreover, recent studies of mycorrhizal symbionts have led to an increased knowledge of the potential utility of fungal inoculations in agricultural, horticultural and ecological management. The intentional movement of mycorrhizal fungal species is growing, but the concomitant potential for negative ecological consequences of invasions by mycorrhizal fungi is poorly understood. We assess the degree to which introductions of mycorrhizal fungi may lead to unintended negative, and potentially costly, consequences. Our purpose is to make recommendations regarding appropriate management guidelines and highlight top priority research needs. Given the difficulty in discerning invasive species problems associated with mycorrhizal inoculations, we recommend the following. First, careful assessment documenting the need for inoculation, and the likelihood of success, should be conducted prior to inoculation because inoculations are not universally beneficial. Second, invasive species problems are costly and often impossible to control by the time they are recognized. We recommend using local inoculum sources whenever possible. Third, non-sterile cultures of inoculum can result in the movement of saprobes and pathogens as well as mutualists. We recommend using material that has been produced through sterile culture when local inoculum is not available. Finally, life-history characteristics of inoculated fungi may provide general guidelines relative to the likelihood of establishment and spread. We recommend that, when using non-local fungi, managers choose fungal taxa that carry life-history traits that may minimize the likelihood of deleterious invasive species problems. Additional research is needed on the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to spread to non-target areas and cause ecological damage.

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“…North American strains are genetically divergent from European strains, yet they are sexually compatible (Mueller and Gardes 1991;De la Bastide et al 1995). Furthermore, strain S238N is sexually compatible with a strain isolated from Saint-Brisson (France) (Selosse et al 1998a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCAR markers to detect mycorrhizas of an American Laccaria bicolor strain inoculated in European Douglas-fir plantations

et al. 2002

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The American strain S238N of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton has been used to inoculate Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mir.) Franco] plantations in France over the last two decades. Laccaria fruit bodies are scarce in mature plantations, which precludes further assessment of its persistence by fruit body surveys. Our objective was to develop new markers to identify this strain and its eventual non-fruiting progeny on root tips. We converted nine random amplified polymorphic DNA markers into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Two of these SCAR markers enabled us to detect S238N on roots of seedlings and mature trees. No amplification of non-fungal (host plant, bacterial, etc.) DNA was observed. Moreover, both SCARs were amplified from Laccaria-like mycorrhizas in a Douglas-fir plantation inoculated 14 years ago, demonstrating the long-term persistence of the inoculant strain. We also obtained a SCAR marker to detect one strain of European origin (L. bicolor 81306), indicating that SCARs are potential markers to type the naturally occurring genets. Thus, SCAR markers are of great value in studying the persistence of inoculant strains and the effects on local populations of introducing foreign strains.

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Vegetative interactions among mycelia of Laccaria bicolor in pure culture and in symbiosis with Pinus banksiana

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex

Extensive gene flow over Europe and possible speciation over Eurasia in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria amethystina complex

The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum

SCAR markers to detect mycorrhizas of an American Laccaria bicolor strain inoculated in European Douglas-fir plantations

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