Vegetative compatibility and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae isolates from chrysanthemum in Turkey

Abstract

A collection of 30 strains of Verticillium dahliae, recovered during 2004-2006 from 12 cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in five districts of İzmir province in Turkey, was assigned to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) based on pairings of complementary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants induced on a chlorate-containing medium. Of these strains, nine were assigned to VCG1, seven to VCG2A, 11 toVCG2B and one to VCG4B. The remaining two strains could not be tested for vegetative compatibility because of their inability to yield nit mutants. Pathogenicity tests conducted by the root-dip method, demonstrated that wilt of chrysanthemum in Turkey is caused by V. dahliae, and most strains in VCG1 were significantly more aggressive to chrysanthemum than those in VCGs 2 and 4B. This is the first known study in the world of the VCGs of V. dahliae isolates from chrysanthemum.

Antifungal activity of essential oils against three vegetative-compatibility groups of Verticillium dahliae

“…For the strictly asexually-reproducing V. dahliae, isolates in different VCGs are thought to be genetically isolated populations that may differ in many traits, including those related to pathogenicity and virulence, adaptation to environments, temperature-dependent growth rates, macroscopic and microscopic morphology, and sensitivity to fungicides (Rowe 1995;Korolev and Katan 1997;Katan 2000). VCG1, VCG2, VCG3, VCG4 and VCG6 were identified among V. dahliae from diverse geographic and plant sources worldwide by using nitratenonutilizing (nit) mutants (Strausbaugh 1993;Chen 1994;Daayf et al 1995;Wakatabe et al 1997;Bao et al 1998;Elena and Paplomatas 1998;Nagao et al 1998;Bhat et al 2003;Chandelier et al 2003;Gore 2009). Each of the VCG1, VCG2 and VCG4 was further divided into two subgroups, designated as A and B, based on the frequency and vigor of prototrophic growth following complementation (Joaquim andRowe 1990, 1991;Strausbaugh 1993;Bell 1994).…”

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Verticillium dahliae isolates from eggplant in Turkey

“…These previous reports are not in agreement with the results of our study, which revealed that most of the eggplant isolates from Turkey belonged to VCG2 (total percentage of VCG2 (A and B) isolates is 83.6% among all isolates). VCG1A of V. dahliae has been reported from a number of hosts (Bhat and Subbarao 1999;Chen 1994;Collado-Romero et al 2006;Daayf et al 1995;Dervis et al 2007Dervis et al , 2008Göre 2009), but to our knowledge it has not been recorded from eggplant anywhere in the world. This is the first study to report that VCG1A is found to naturally infect eggplants.…”

“…Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., has been reported from a variety of crops in Turkey such as olive (Dervis et al 2007;Saydam and Copcu 1972), apricot (Sarıbay et al 1973), cotton (Dervis and Bicici 2005;Dervis et al 2008;Göre 2007;Karaca et al 1971), eggplant, tomato, pepper, okra and melon (Copcu and Saydam 1974), apricot, peanut, cowpea (Kocaturk and Karcilioglu 1976), plum (Sarıbay et al 1973) and chrysanthemum (Göre 2009). Verticillium wilt is one of the most destructive and prevalent diseases of eggplant (Bletsos et al 1997).…”

“…Each of VCG1, VCG2 and VCG4 was further divided into two subgroups (Bell 1994;Joaquim and Rowe 1991;Strausbaugh 1993). The few detailed studies of V. dahliae VCGs in Turkey have focused mainly on populations from cotton fields (Dervis and Bicici 2005;Dervis et al 2008;Göre 2007), olive orchards (Dervis et al 2007), chrysanthemum (Göre 2009) and weed hosts (Yildiz et al 2009). On the subject of VCGs of V. dahliae isolates from eggplants, occasional isolates from other countries have been included in some studies (Bao et al 1998;Bhat and Subbarao 1999;Daayf et al 1995;Korolev et al 2000;Zhengjun et al 1998).…”

Pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and genetic diversity ofVerticillium dahliaeisolates from sugar beet

“…In many instances, these VCGs have been shown to be correlated with virulence on a specific host, such as VCG 1 or 1A strains infecting chrysanthemum and defoliating strains in cotton. Additionally, VCG 2 or 2A may be associated with race 1 strains in tomato; VCG 2B strains occur on artichoke and mint; VCG 4 or 4B may be associated with artichoke, race 2 strains infecting tomato and potato in Israel; and VCG 4A strains occur on potato and sunflower in North America (Joaquim & Rowe 1991;Strausbaugh et al 1992;Strausbaugh 1993;Daayf et al 1995;Dobinson et al 1998;Omer et al 2000;Douhan & Johnson 2001;Korolev et al 2001;Tsror et al 2001;Jiménez-Díaz et al 2006;Qin et al 2006;Alkher et al 2009;Göre 2009;Dung et al 2013;El-Bebany et al 2013). The genetic diversity in V. dahliae populations has also been assessed using molecular methods (Dobinson et al 1998(Dobinson et al , 2000Bhat & Subbarao 1999;Pantou et al 2006;Qin et al 2006;Collado-Romero et al 2008;Atllah et al 2010Atllah et al , 2011Martin 2010;Berbegal et al 2011;Inderbitzin et al 2011a;Jiménez-Díaz et al 2011;Dung et al 2013;Gurung et al 2014;Jiménez-Gasco et al 2014;Gharbi et al 2015).…”