Vegetation: Structure, Cover, and Biomass of Subarctic Tundra Wetlands Used as Summer Pastures

Kitti, Heidi; Forbes, Bruce C.

doi:10.1007/3-540-31392-3_10

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…The seasonal movements of reindeer are controlled to a large extent by availability and quality of their food resources (Lent and Klein 1988). In the case of semi‐domestic animals, movement is also partly directed by the needs of the herders themselves (Kitti et al. 2006), whose degree of management varies along a gradient from ‘close’ or intensive herding to ‘loose’ or extensive herding (Baskin 2000; Ingold 1980).…”

Section: Reindeer Population Dynamics In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecological Role and Geography of Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Northern Eurasia

Forbes

Kumpula

2009

Geography Compass

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The reindeer is a ruminant of the family Cervidae with a circumpolar distribution that has been a key component of Eurasian high latitude ecosystems for at least 2 million years. Interactions with humans date from the late Pleistocene onward and wild and semi‐domestic animals continue to be highly valued by aboriginal and non‐native peoples for a diversity of purposes. As a widespread and dominant ungulate across many tundra and taiga regions, the reindeer exerts a number of important controls on ecosystem structure and function. Animals, both free‐ranging and herded, move seasonally between summer, winter and transitional spring/autumn habitats or ‘pastures’. Their effects on vegetation and soils vary greatly in space and time depending on factors such as altitude/exposure, snow depth, substrate, moisture, prevailing vegetation type and, most importantly, animal density. At present, the number of Old World reindeer is somewhat less than 2.5 million. The most productive semi‐domestic herds occur in Fennoscandia and the Nenets regions of northwest Russia straddling the Ural Mountains. Management systems differ within and among countries and regions. Given the diverse suite of factors involved, changes in vegetation associated with grazing and trampling can be remarkably heterogeneous spatially yet remain to a large extent predictable. Potential threats facing reindeer populations of Eurasia include rapid land use change, climate change and ongoing institutional conflicts.

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