Vegetation of Northern New Jersey Before European Settlement

Russell, E. W.

doi:10.2307/2425004

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Likewise, our ability to properly assess the veracity of the results of our pre-colonial scenarios is limited due to a lack of objective data sources for the study area. In other areas of New England and the Mid-Atlantic, colonial era land surveys (e.g., Cogbill et al, 2002;Russell, 1981) and palynological studies (Watts, 1979;Russell and Standford, 2000;Russell and Davis, 2001;Parshall et al, 2003) have been used to reconstruct pre-colonial era vegetation regimes. However, the colonial era land survey record for the area of the NJPB has not been carefully investigated and it is unclear whether they will provide sufficient information to resolve the vegetation patterns of the pre-colonial era.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, details of the pre-colonial vegetation and fire history of the NJPB are not well known, due in part to uncertainty about the extent to which Native Americans influenced fire regimes (Russell, 1983). Pre-colonial land surveys have been successfully used in other areas of New England (e.g., Cogbill et al, 2002) and the Mid-Atlantic US (e.g., Russell, 1981), but no investigation of the extant land survey records for southern New Jersey has been conducted to date. Likewise, available palynological data (Watts, 1979), which are often used to determine vegetation and disturbance history, are not spatially extensive within the NJPB due to a lack of suitable sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions

Scheller

Tuyl

Clark

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions

Scheller

Tuyl

Clark

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…For large rivers such as the Missouri, detailed navigational maps of channels and locations of wood supplies often are available (Bragg andTatschl 1977, Johnson 1992). Other sources assist in vegetation reconstruction, including personal diaries and photographs; however, these can be misleading (Russell 1981(Russell , 1983.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of riparian vegetation to river regulation in the Great Plains, USA

Johnson

1998

Wetlands

129

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Abstract:The Missouri River and the Platte River provide opposite examples of the way riparian vegetation responds and adjusts to regulation by dams and diversions. Populus-Safix woodland has expanded rapidly into Platte River channels, while it has failed to regenerate in gaps between reservoirs along the upper Missouri River. This divergent response is the result of different geomorphologics and wate~use patterns. The Platte River is a braided-type stream with a significant portion of its flow diverted for cropland irrigation. The Missouri is a meandering-type stream with low irrigation usage. I developed a graphical model that characterizes the different ways that riparian vegetation has adjusted to regulation. The model identifies two time periods: prc regulation and post-regulation adjustment, with the latter divided into phase 1 and phase 2 subperiods. In the pre-regulation period, woodland composition shifts according to weather extremes and climate change. During phase 1, braided rivers adjust by channel-narrowing and expansion of pioneer woodland (Poputus-SaIix)~ while meandering rivers cease meandering. During phase 2, after major gcomorphic adjustments are complete, both types of rivers show sharp declines in pioneer woodland. Replacement communities in the new equilibrium (post-adjustment period) will be dominated by later successional woodland or grassland species. Gcomorphic factors of importance to vegetation establishment adjust relatively quickly (decades), but the subsequent adjustment of vegetation through succession is relatively slow (century or more).

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“…Original land surveys have been used in southern Ontario (Chanasyk 1970) and Saskatchewan (Archibold and Wilson 1980). Other early land surveys have been used to describe the presettlement vegetation in New Jersey (Russell 1981), Vermont (Siccama 1971), and Kentucky (Bryant and others 1980). These land surveys usually provide sufficient detail to locate local disturbances, such as tornado tracks, Indian settlements, or fires.…”

Section: Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Woodlot scale: A method for rapid assessment of woodlot values

Dorney

Leitner

1985

Environmental Management

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/ A method is described for the rapid survey and determination of the ecological value of woodlots. The three dominant tree species in a stand are given a visual ranking that is converted to a woodlot index through the use of species adaptation values. The woodlot index is scaled by presettlement vegetation type to yield a woodlot scale. The ecologically most valuable woodlots in a region are identified by using the woodlot scale and data on woodlot area, human disturbance, and tree density. The woodlot index corresponds closely to results from conventional methods of woodlot surveys. This method should be valuable to land-use planners for environmental impact assessment and regional planning.In the highly urbanized and agriculturaiized regions of northeastern and midwestern United States and southern Ontario, the native forest has been fragmented into numerous small units with various degrees of human disturbance. These woodlots serve as refugia for sensitive plant species, help to maintain regional species diversity, and provide such landscape functions as erosion control and scenic value. Relatively /mdisturbed woodlots also provide a source of baseliiae data against which woodlots undergoing more profound changes in structure or composition may be compared.Development tends to destroy woodlots indiscriminately, regardless of their ecological value. Thus, there is a need in environmental assessment and regional planning for a quantitative approach to determine woodlot quality. The method should be rapid and accurate and give results comparable to those obtained by conventional means, for example, point-quarte~" and quadrat sampling (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974), and BraunBlanquet relev~ methods (Wikum and Shanholtzer 1978). Time and cost constraints generally prohibit use of such conventional methods in regional planning or in preliminary environmental assessment.Vegetation survey methods recommended for environmental assessment begin with general field reconnaissance to identify plant communities and past disturbance regimes. Species lists and cover estimates may be,made at the same time. If the project requires a more detailed understanding of the vegetation, conventional methods

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Vegetation of Northern New Jersey Before European Settlement

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions

Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions

Adjustment of riparian vegetation to river regulation in the Great Plains, USA

Woodlot scale: A method for rapid assessment of woodlot values

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