Vegetation history of the SE section of the Zagros Mountains during the last five millennia; a pollen record from the Maharlou Lake, Fars Province, Iran

Djamali, Morteza; Beaulieu, Jacques‐Louis de; Miller, Norton G.; Andrieu‐Ponel, Valérie; Ponel, Philippe; Lak, Razyeh; Sadeddin, Nasser; Akhani, Hossein; Fazeli, H.

doi:10.1007/s00334-008-0178-2

Cited by 89 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, in the heartland of Persia in the southern Zagros Mountains, most of our data on regional arboricultural practices are based on a single pollen diagram from Lake Maharlou, 50 km to the south of the Persepolis. This diagram suggests that at least walnut (Juglans), grapevine (Vitis), and plane tree (Platanus) were among the main cultivated tree species (Djamali et al 2009a). Olive cultivation was suggested with great caution because of the possibility of olive pollen coming from distant sources or wild olive stands found in the Saharo-Sindian region of southern Iran (Djamali et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This diagram suggests that at least walnut (Juglans), grapevine (Vitis), and plane tree (Platanus) were among the main cultivated tree species (Djamali et al 2009a). Olive cultivation was suggested with great caution because of the possibility of olive pollen coming from distant sources or wild olive stands found in the Saharo-Sindian region of southern Iran (Djamali et al 2009a). Some of these trees may have been introduced from Anatolia and the Balkans, where a remarkable phase of tree cultivation ('Beyşehir Occupation phase') has been reported from *3,600 to *3,400 cal BP during the Bronze Age (Bottema and Woldring 1990;Eastwood et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the continental Middle East, the period corresponding to the successive Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian empires (550 BC-AD 642) possibly witnessed one of the most remarkable periods of agricultural activities in ancient Iran (Djamali et al 2011). During the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), a regional expansion of arboriculture occurred in the southern Zagros, on such a scale that arboriculture has not since antiquity reached this apogee again (Djamali et al 2009a(Djamali et al , 2011. At the same time, some pollen data indicate the expansion of cereal cultivation in the highland regions of NW Iran (Djamali et al 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olive cultivation in the heart of the Persian Achaemenid Empire: new insights into agricultural practices and environmental changes reflected in a late Holocene pollen record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran

Djamali

Jones

Migliore

et al. 2015

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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International audienceAncient Persia witnessed one of its most prosperous cultural and socio-economic periods between 550 bc and ad 651, with the successive domination of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Empires. During this period agricultural activities increased on the Iranian plateau, as demonstrated by a remarkable arboricultural expansion. However, available data are not very informative about the spatial organization of agricultural practices. The possible links between climate conditions and agricultural activities during this millennium of continuous imperial domination are also unclear, due to the lack of parallel human-independent palaeoclimatic proxies. This study presents a new late Holocene pollen-based vegetation record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran. This record provides invaluable information regarding anthropogenic activities before, during and after the empires and sheds light on (i) spatial patterning in agricultural activities and (ii) possible climate impacts on agro-sylvo-pastoral practices during this period. Results of this study indicate that arboriculture was the most prominent form of agricultural activity in SW Iran especially during the Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian periods. Contrary to the information provided by some Greco-Roman written sources, the record from Lake Parishan shows that olive cultivation was practiced during Achaemenid and Seleucid times, when olive cultivation was significant, at least in this basin located close to the capital area of the Achaemenid Empire. In addition, pollen from aquatic vegetation suggests that the period of the latter centuries of the first millennium bc was characterized by a higher lake level, which might have favoured cultural and socio-economic prosperity

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olive cultivation in the heart of the Persian Achaemenid Empire: new insights into agricultural practices and environmental changes reflected in a late Holocene pollen record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran

Djamali

Jones

Migliore

et al. 2015

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…trees and almond (Amygdalus spp.) shrubs [Ali et al, 2003;Pourreza et al, 2008;Djamali et al, 2009]. One of the most significant changes in this old-growth vegetation cover in the past decades has been the reduction of canopy cover mainly because of expansion of farms and agricultural lands.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study area, a 500 m × 600 m plot with similar structure (purely covered with Persian oak coppice trees) to other Persian oak stands in Zagros woodlands [Pourreza et al, 2008;Djamali et al, 2009], was established and precisely surveyed for quantitative assessments of the proposed approach results (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust approach to generate canopy cover maps using UltraCam-D derived orthoimagery classified by support vector machines in Zagros woodlands, West Iran

Erfanifard

Khodaei

Shamsi

2014

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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An approach was developed to construct a percent canopy cover (PCC) map of Zagros semi-arid woodlands, West Iran, using UltraCam-D airborne imagery. We detected crowns of Persian oak coppice trees on the imagery by use of the support vector machine (SVM) classifier optimized via Taguchi method. Then, PCC was calculated in raster grids with various block sizes and their accuracy metrics revealed the appropriate sizes. Results showed the optimized SVM success in separating Persian oak crowns as revealed in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under curve: AUC ~ 0.82). After filtering the raster maps and reassessing their accuracies, validation outputs of the final PCC map with 3000 m 2 resolution yielded an overall accuracy of 90% (KHAT=0.71) and was introduced as the optimal map in this study.

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Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

Kaveh‐Firouz,

Burg,

Giachetta

2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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To investigate the recent landscape evolution of the orogenic Turkish–Iranian Plateau (TIP) and the Lesser/Greater Caucasus ranges, we perform a quantitative analysis of topography and drainage networks at a regional scale. This analysis focuses on climatic–topographic swath profiles, local relief distribution, longitudinal river profiles, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), paleo‐river profile, and chi analysis (χ). In general, we find that the evolution of topographic relief and river networks are locally controlled by Late Cenozoic volcanism, contrasts in rock strength, and neotectonic activity along regional tectonic structures. However, our results show that the influence of these factors on the landscape evolution of the Greater Caucasus is significantly different from the Lesser Caucasus and TIP. This study shows that a combination of enhanced aridity, rapid uplift of orographic barriers along the TIP margins, and exposure of resistant rock types associated with the regional volcanic activity resulted in low‐relief plateau and the Lesser Caucasus surfaces that are preserved in the upper/middle Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan river catchments. High local relief in the flanks of the Greater Caucasus and west Alborz, downstream increase in channel steepness, and perturbations in the χ plots of the three main rivers indicate that the topography is in a transient state.We reconstruct the paleo‐river profiles from the relict section of the upper Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan rivers and show that the last drastic fall of the Caspian base‐level, which occurred during the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene, can explain the incision of ~500–1000 m gorges (i.e., Amardos) below major knickpoints. Furthermore, local cross‐divide differences of the χ parameter reveal that disequilibrium in the plan‐form geometry of the drainage networks, attributed to the upstream migration of the regional knickpoints towards the plateau interior and integration of plateau areas into the external fluvial system.

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Vegetation history of the SE section of the Zagros Mountains during the last five millennia; a pollen record from the Maharlou Lake, Fars Province, Iran

Cited by 89 publications

References 26 publications

Olive cultivation in the heart of the Persian Achaemenid Empire: new insights into agricultural practices and environmental changes reflected in a late Holocene pollen record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran

Olive cultivation in the heart of the Persian Achaemenid Empire: new insights into agricultural practices and environmental changes reflected in a late Holocene pollen record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran

A robust approach to generate canopy cover maps using UltraCam-D derived orthoimagery classified by support vector machines in Zagros woodlands, West Iran

Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

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