Vegetation history of chernozems in the Czech Republic

Vysloužilová, Barbora; Danková, Lenka; Ertlen, Damien; Novák, Jan; Schwartz, Dominique; Šefrna, Luděk; Delhon, Claire; Berger, Jean‐François

doi:10.1007/s00334-014-0441-7

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some authors even suggest that the black colour of these soils may result from the high content of charred organic matter originating from vegetation burning (Acksel et al, ; Eckmeier, Gerlach, Gehrt, & Schmidt, ). Although the paradigm is not accepted unambiguously (e.g., Lorz & Saile, ; Vysloužilová et al, ), our results conform to the hypothesis of continuity of grassland vegetation above chernozem‐like soils and the role of vegetation burning in their development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Soil charcoal elucidates the role of humans in the development of landscape of extreme biodiversity

et al. 2019

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The south‐western White Carpathians (Czech Republic, Slovakia) are one of the few places in low‐elevation Central Europe where a diverse landscape, including extremely species rich meadows, scattered oak trees, and mixed oak woodlands, has escaped modern transformation. We studied C14‐dated and taxonomically identified macroscopic soil charcoal record to elucidate the genesis of this landscape. Thirteen soil profiles were sampled in grasslands along a gradient of elevation and history of human settlement. We identified clear pattern in the taxonomic composition of woody soil charcoal and anthracomass along this gradient, which we ascribe to different pathways of landscape development. Charcoal assemblages of chernozem‐like soils in the promontories of the mountain range have a low anthracomass and are dominated by heliophilous and semishade species (Quercus, Pinus), with the oldest charcoals dated to pre‐Neolithic times. Soils of the middle elevations have a high anthracomass and often show pronounced differences in charcoal composition at different soil depths; the oldest charcoal samples date back between the Neolithic and Early Middle Ages, and heliophilous species increase towards the topsoil. The soil of the summit area shows a medium anthracomass and charcoal assemblage dominated by shade‐tolerant trees; the charcoal dates from the Middle Ages. Our results suggest continuity of an open to semiopen landscape in lower elevations of the White Carpathians, whereas middle and higher elevations experienced a forested period. Humans and fire played an important role in landscape development, as indicated by both soil charcoal and available palaeoecological and archaeological evidence. Local meadows with extremely high biodiversity thus appear to be a continuation of an ancient forest‐steppe‐like ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Soil charcoal elucidates the role of humans in the development of landscape of extreme biodiversity

et al. 2019

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“…On large-scale soil maps, a mosaic of Chernozems and Luvisols can often be observed. On the local scale and in the field, the origin of the spatial distribution of Chernozems and Luvisols is difficult to explain, because the climatic, topographical and geological conditions seem to be identical (Bailly 1972;Ložek, Smolíková 1978;Vysloužilová et al 2014). These Tab.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Luvisols and Chernozemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12) and the Luvisols formed in the areas that were not transformed to the agricultural land. Others claim that the first farmers were able to find Chernozems under the woodland or at least under the forest-steppe vegetation (Vysloužilová et al 2014, Beneš, 2004, Dreslerová 2012.…”

Section: Role Of Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chernozem to Luvisol or from Luvisol to Chernozem? A discussion about the relationships and limits of the two types of soils. A case study of the soil catena of Hrušov, Czechia

et al. 2020

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The patchy character of the distribution of Chernozems and Luvisols formed on loess is often observable on the pedological maps, on a large scale, in Czechia. The focus of the paper is to examine the features of the soil catena of Hrušov (Czechia), which is characterized by the simultaneous presence of Chernozem, Luvisol and Luvic Chernozem – without obvious environmental reasons. A catena of only 330 meters is considered a system of transformation between these soils. Along with field work and the pedological analysis, we used the soil micromorphology method to understand the processes of pedogenesis. We concluded that the presence of considerably different soil types on a small scale is due to intensive agriculture. We found that the present Chernozem is formed on the Luvisol by retrograde soil evolution, which included a shift in the vegetation, erosion, and recarbonation. The evolution of Luvisol in the lower part of the catena has been considerably modified.

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“…It is very difficult unambiguously establish the genesis, age, and conditions of the formation of chernozemic soils in the Silesian Lowland and the Sudety Foreland. In these soils, there is a constant process of renewing the organic matter as a result of intense zooturbation, which leads to mixing of material from deeper and shallower soil horizons (Vyslouzilova et al 2014a(Vyslouzilova et al , £abaz et al 2018 what makes it impossible to determine the age of soil based on the age of organic matter. Also, it is difficult to determine the type of vegetation conducive to the formation of chernozemic soils due to the fact that the plant pollen is quickly decomposed in these soils.…”

Section: Origin Of Soils and Reasons For Their Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological diversity of chernozemic soils in south-western Poland

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Soil Science Annual

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Diverse chernozemic soils featured by thick mollic horizon, rich in humus, dark-coloured, structural, and saturated with base cations are relatively common in the loess-belt of SW Poland. It is postulated, that most of these soils may have similar initial (chernozemic) history of thick humus horizon, related to climate conditions and vegetation in the Late Pleistocene and the Neolithic periods. However, these soils exist on various bedrocks and under different moisture conditions that led to the development accompanying features and variable classification of soils, both in Polish and international soil classifications. The aim of the paper is to presents the most important variants of loess-derived chernozemic soils of SW Poland, in relation to local conditions, which influenced soil transformation and present spatial diversification. ‘Typical’ chernozems (WRB: Calcic Chernozems), which have a mollic horizon and secondary carbonates, but are free of strong redoximorphic features, are rather uncommon in the region. Whereas, the black earths (WRB: Gleyic/Stagnic Chernozems/Phaeozems), featured by the presence of mollic horizon and strong gleyic or stagnic properties in the middle and bottom parts of the profiles, are predominant loess-derived chernozemic soils in SW Poland. Their most specific forms, developed on the clayey bedrock, are black earths with a vertic horizon (WRB: Vertic Stagnic Phaeozems). The strongly leached chernozemic soils developed over permeable subsoils, lacking carbonates and free of (strongly developed) stagnic/gleyic properties are called grey soils, often featured by the presence of subsurface diagnostic horizons cambic or luvic (WRB: Cambic/Luvic Phaeozems).

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Vegetation history of chernozems in the Czech Republic

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Soil charcoal elucidates the role of humans in the development of landscape of extreme biodiversity

Soil charcoal elucidates the role of humans in the development of landscape of extreme biodiversity

From Chernozem to Luvisol or from Luvisol to Chernozem? A discussion about the relationships and limits of the two types of soils. A case study of the soil catena of Hrušov, Czechia

Morphological diversity of chernozemic soils in south-western Poland

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