Vegetation–environment relations in a brackish marsh, Lulu Island, Richmond, B.C.

Hutchinson, Ian

doi:10.1139/b82-061

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…near southwestern Sea Island were amalgamated because it was believed that the distribution of those plants had in-creased since the photos were taken (S. Boyd, personal communication). Interpretations of habitat type and zonation in the Fraser River delta were aided by information from Yamanaka (1975), Moody (1978), and Hutchinson (1982). Although changes in the marsh communities have undoubtedly occurred since maps in those reports were produced, the visual patterns of intertidal plant zonation were expected to have changed insignificantly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brackish marshes of the Fraser River delta have evolved as a result of the interactions between the maritime conditions of the Pacific Ocean and the fresh water and sediment load of the Fraser River (Hutchinson 1982). Local tides are predominantly semidiurnal with a maximum range of ~5 m. The Fraser River is the largest river in British Columbia, with a mean annual flow of 3500 m 3 /s.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eighty percent of the annual flow occurs during March to July (Hoos andPackman 1974, cited in Hutchinson 1982). Hutchinson (1982) divided the present brackish marshes of Lulu Island into three elevational zones: (1) low marsh-dominated by Scirpus americanus and S. maritimus; (2) middle marsh-dominated by Carex lyngbyei, Triglochin maritimum, and S. maritimus; and (3) high marsh-a community of Agrostis exerata, Potentilla pacifica, Distichlis spicata, and Typha latifolia.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Lesser Snow Geese, <em>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</em>, Exceeding the Carrying Capacity of the Fraser River Delta's Brackish Marshes?

Demarchi

2006

Can Field Nat

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Brackish marshes of the Fraser River delta provide important habitats for such high-profile animals as White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), Pacific Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri), and Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens), the latter comprising the “Fraser-Skagit” segment of the Wrangel Island (Russia) population. This study assessed whether the current numbers of Snow Geese are exceeding the carrying capacity of brackish marshes in the Fraser River delta. Simulation modelling predicts that those marshes are presently capable of supporting ~17,500 Snow Geese—a value that is greatly exceeded by the numbers of geese that have over-wintered there in recent years (~80,000 in 2004-2005). The Pacific Flyway Council’s target 3-y average population and segment sizes of 120,000 and 50,000 - 70,000, respectively, were set without considering the carrying capacity of natural wintering habitats, the potential impacts of too many geese on upland agriculture, or implications for hazards to civilian aircraft at Vancouver International Airport. The modelled results of the present study suggest that the Fraser River delta can sustain the current numbers of Snow Geese that stage or winter there only if those birds also forage in agricultural and refuge fields—a relatively recent phenomenon that likely bolstered the Snow Goose population. Over-use by Snow Geese can degrade the productivity and habitat quality of marshes. There is documented evidence that some key plant species (e.g., Scirpus americanus) of the brackish marshes of the Fraser River delta are well below their biomass potential (~15%), primarily because of grubbing by Snow Geese. Other species that depend on this brackish environment as well as human interests in the Fraser River delta may be adversely affected by an overabundance of Snow Geese. The future effectiveness of hunting as a primary means of population regulation is questioned.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Lesser Snow Geese, <em>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</em>, Exceeding the Carrying Capacity of the Fraser River Delta's Brackish Marshes?

Demarchi

2006

Can Field Nat

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“…Vegetation has been classified by cluster analysis (Bradfield and Porter 1982), or by Braun-Blanquet methodology (Dawe and White 1982). Individual plant species have been directly related to environmental factors using ANOVA (Hutchinson 1982), or an environmental interpretation has been inferred indirectly from a vegetation ordination (Bradfield and Porter 1982). In this paper we have used a standard field sampling and data analysis approach to compare plant community patterns and vegetation-environment relationships in two northern British Columbia tidal marshes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of plant community–environment relations in two estuarine marshes of northern British Columbia

Campbell¹,

Bradfield²

1989

Can. J. Bot.

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1989. Comparison of plant community-environment relations in two estuarine marshes of northern British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. 67: [146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155]. The Dala and Yakoun estuarine marshes in northern British Columbia were compared to evaluate similarities in species composition, plant communities, and vegetation-environment relationships. The Dala is a fjord-head marsh at the mouth of a glacially fed river with a fresh to brackish salinity regime and a 7-m tidal range. The Yakoun marsh is fed by lowland bog drainage on the Queen Charlotte Islands, has a salt to brackish salinity regime, and a 3-m tidal range. Both marshes contain similar dominant species (Carex lyngbyei, Deschc~tnpsia cespitosa, Porentilla paci'co, Triglocl~ir~ maririt?~utn), but share only about one third of the total (50) vascular species recorded. Four plant community types characterizing three main physiographic zones (low, intermediate, and high) were described at each marsh. Principal component analysis (PCA) of species composition data indicated similarities in general patterns of community organization at both marshes; however, PCA of soil chemical data indicated greater between-marsh differences, especially in intermediate and high zones. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that the Yakoun shows a closer connection between overall vegetation variation and substratum elevation, and a clearer elevational zonation of communities than the Dala. Examination of tidal regime data indicated that the Yakoun experiences steeper gradients in submergence time and flooding frequency than the Dala, thus offering an explanation for the different vegetation-elevation relationships. CAMPBELL, A,, et BRADFIELD, G. E. 1989. Comparison of plant community-environment relations in two estuarine marshes of northern British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. 67 : 146-155. Les marais d'estuaires Dala et Yakoun dans le nord de la Colombie-Britannique ont Ct C comparCs dans le but d'ivaluer les ressemblances dans la composition en espkces, les communautts vtgttales et les relations vCgttation-environnement. LeDala est un marais-fjord a l'embouchure d'une rivikre alimentCe par la glace et ayant un rCgime de salinitC allant de frais a saumitre et une portCe de marCe de 7 m. Le marais Yakoun, aliment6 par le drainage d'un markcage des basses terres des iles de la Reine Charlotte, a un regime de saliniti allant de sale h saumitre et une portte de marCe de 3 m. Les deux marais abritent des espkces dominantes semblables (Carex lyngbyei, Descharnpsio cespirosa, Porentilla pac@ca, Triglochin maritimurn), mais ne partegent qu'environ un tiers du nombre total (50) d'espkces vasculaires nottes. Quatre types de communautCs vtgttales qui caracttrisent trois zones physiographiques principales (basse, intermediaire et haute) ont t t C dCcrites i chaque marais. Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) des donntes sur la composition en espkces a indiqut des ressemblances dans les patrons gCnCraux de I'oganisation des communautCs dans les deux marais; c...

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“…Previous studies in Scilpus marshes have aimed at phytosociological descriptions (Lacoursikre and Grandtner 197 1 ; Gauthier 1982) or have examined the influence of submersion and salinity on distribution of various plant species (Disraeli and Fonda 1979;Hutchinson 1982;Ewing 1983;DeschEnes and SCrodes 1985). Only Ewing (1986) estimated annual plant production in such habitats, but his study was conducted along the Pacific coast of the northwestern United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above- and below-ground macrophyte production in Scirpus tidal marshes of the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec

Giroux¹,

Bédard²

1988

Can. J. Bot.

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1988. Above-and below-ground macrophyte production in Scirpus tidal marshes of the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec. Can. J. Bot. 66: 955 -962. Above-and below-ground standing crops as well as primary production of several macrophytes were estimated in Scirpus marshes along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River estuary in Quebec. Aboveground standing crop was measured by clipping vegetation, while belowground standing crop was estimated by soil coring. Seasonal variation of live and dead standing crops was first determined for different plant species. The root:shoot mass ratio was then examined and related to the life history of each species. Total aboveground production varied from 74 to 627 g ash-free dry mass. m-2. year-' among different plant communities, whereas belowground production was lower, with estimates varying between 38 and 244 g . m+. year-'.Production was lower along the St. Lawrence estuary than in other types of marshes located farther south. GIROUX, J.-F., et BBDARD, J. 1988. Above-and below-ground macrophyte production in Scirpus tidal marshes of the St.Lawrence estuary, Quebec. Can. J. Bot. 66 : 955 -962. La phytomasse aCrienne et souterraine ainsi que la production primaire de plusieurs macrophytes ont Ct C estimCes dans les marais i scirpe localisCs le long de la rive sud de l'estuaire du Fleuve Saint-Laurent au QuCbec. La phytomasse aCrienne fut mesurCe en rkcoltant la vCgCtation alors que la phytomasse souterraine fut estimCe en prClevant des carottes. La variation saisonnikre de la phytomasse vivante et morte a d'abord Ct C dCterminCe pour les diffkrentes espkces vCgCtales prksentes. Le rapport entre la masse des parties souterraines et aCriennes a ensuite Ct C examin6 et mis en relation avec la biologie de chaque espkce. Parmi les diffkrentes communautCs vCgCtales, la production akrienne variait entre 74 et 627 g de matikre skche sans cendre. m'2. an-' alors que la production souterraine Ctait plus basse avec des estimCs entre 38 et 244 g . m-2. an-'. La production des plantes de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent Ctait plus basse que celle rapportCe pour des marais situCs plus au sud.

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Vegetation–environment relations in a brackish marsh, Lulu Island, Richmond, B.C.

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Are Lesser Snow Geese, <em>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</em>, Exceeding the Carrying Capacity of the Fraser River Delta's Brackish Marshes?

Are Lesser Snow Geese, <em>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</em>, Exceeding the Carrying Capacity of the Fraser River Delta's Brackish Marshes?

Comparison of plant community–environment relations in two estuarine marshes of northern British Columbia

Above- and below-ground macrophyte production in Scirpus tidal marshes of the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec

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