Vegetation Dynamics and Nitrogen Cycling Responses to Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation in Fraxinus Nigra-Dominated Wetlands of Upper Michigan, Usa

Davis, Joshua Clark

doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/155

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…However, the act of girdling ash trees may lead to quicker and simultaneous ash mortality and thus a greater spike in resources compared to EAB-caused ash mortality. Additionally, the larger percentage of the canopy consisting of ash BA (≥ 66%) prior to treatment (Davis et al 2016), compared to our sites where ash averaged 40% of the canopy BA, could also result in greater resource availability for the subcanopy following girdling.…”

Section: Seedling Layermentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Previous studies have found positive impacts of EAB on the subcanopy layer. Davis et al (2016) found that non-ash sapling BA RGRs following girdling of canopy black ash (F. nigra) were significantly higher than those in control sites. However, the act of girdling ash trees may lead to quicker and simultaneous ash mortality and thus a greater spike in resources compared to EAB-caused ash mortality.…”

Section: Seedling Layermentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Achieving greater measurement precision or conducting the study over a greater time span might improve the ability to estimate growth responses. It may also help to determine if differences among and within layer responses are derived from low-resolution data or could be a result from other factors unmeasured in our study (Davis et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, neither ash decline nor amount of upper strata vegetation had any effect on woody seedling species richness, nor abundance and recruitment of native tree seedlings. Similarly, Davis et al (2016) and Dolan and Kilgore (2018) found no relationship between relative ash BA and change in seedling density following ash decline. Looney et al (2017a) found that only the clear-cut treatment resulted in a significant increase in seedling density when compared to girdling, partial overstory removal, and control plots.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Release and suppression: forest layer responses to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)-caused ash death

Hoven

Knight

Peters

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Emerald ash borer-caused canopy gaps alter resource availability which affects woody plant community dynamics in eastern US forests. Our findings indicate that both canopy trees and seedlings are impacted by the disturbance. Seedlings of sugar maple and introduced woody plants benefited most from ash death, perhaps because they are adapted to ephemeral resource fluctuations. & Context Ash, Fraxinus spp., mortality caused by emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, results in canopy gaps which could increase resource availability and profoundly affect eastern US forests. & Aims We tested two mechanisms: (1) EAB-caused ash decline releases growth of upper forest layers (non-ash canopy and subcanopy trees), constraining any release of lower forest strata; (2) EAB-caused ash decline increases canopy openness, releasing lower strata (shrub and seedling layer). & Methods Sites representing a gradient of ash mortality were sampled throughout western Ohio to investigate how forest strata relative growth rates (RGRs) relate to EAB-caused ash mortality. Models including individual and additive effects of ash mortality and upper strata effects on woody seedlings were also investigated. & Results Greater RGR of non-ash canopy trees, particularly maple (Acer spp.), was found in sites with more poor condition ash. Abundance of introduced seedlings was correlated with greater ash mortality and shrub cover. Sugar maple seedling height growth improved with ash loss and more subcanopy basal area (BA). Sites with greater subcanopy BA had greater introduced seedling recruitment and native seedling survival. & Conclusion We found evidence to support both mechanisms. Our findings indicate species best adapted to ephemeral resource fluctuations, specifically sugar maple and introduced seedlings, benefited most from ash death.

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Section: Seedling Layermentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Seedling Layermentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Release and suppression: forest layer responses to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)-caused ash death

Hoven

Knight

Peters

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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“…It was introduced into northern China from Canada and California, in the early 20th century, with important ornamental and economic value 1,2 . The emerald ash borer (EAB) is a major wood borer that mostly attacks phloem during its larval stage, preventing the tree from receiving nutrients 3–5 . EAB was first discovered attacking ash trees in southeastern Michigan and neighboring Ontario, Canada, in 2002 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Liu

Feng

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.) is an important wood and ornamental tree species. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is a major wood borer of velvet ash. The aim of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites of velvet ash involved in regulating the dominant bacterium group of EAB. RESULTS The amount of lignans in the phloem of infested trees had increased by 290.96% because of A. planipennis infection. The addition of lignans to the artificial diet significantly reduced the weight of the larvae and decreased the dominant bacterial group in the larval midgut, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. The FvPLR1, a key gene for lignan synthesis, was obtained based on the phloem transcriptome of velvet ash. The expression of FvPLR1 in the phloem of the infested tree was significantly higher than that in the noninfested tree. Meanwhile, FvPLR1 silenced by virus‐induced gene silencing showed that its expression level and the lignan content were decreased by 69.91% and 31.65%, respectively. Interestingly, silencing FvPLR1 induced alterations in the dominant bacteria group in the larvae, with the reverse trend in the lignan‐fed treatment. CONCLUSION The evidence showed that FvPLR1 was a positive regulator. The increasing synthesis of lignans leads to resistance improvement in velvet ash, which will provide comprehensive insights into the tree defense system to wood borer infestation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Vegetation Dynamics and Nitrogen Cycling Responses to Simulated Emerald Ash Borer Infestation in Fraxinus Nigra-Dominated Wetlands of Upper Michigan, Usa

Cited by 2 publications

References 181 publications

Release and suppression: forest layer responses to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)-caused ash death

Release and suppression: forest layer responses to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)-caused ash death

Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

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