Vegetation change in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda: 1970–1988

Lock, J. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1993.tb00525.x

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At sites where elephant movements were constrained by fences, most vegetation responses were negative. This may have consequences for evaluation of impact because long-term variation in elephant numbers may negate their impact on vegetation in unfenced areas (Caughley 1976, Dublin 1991, Lock 1993, Leuthold 1996, van Aarde and Jackson 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of African Elephants on Savanna Vegetation

2008

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Large herbivores such as elephants (Loxodonta africana) apparently have a negative impact on woody vegetation at moderate to high population densities. The confounding effects that fire, drought, and management history have may complicate assignment of such impacts to herbivory. We reviewed 238 studies published over 45 years and conducted a meta‐analysis based on 21 studies that provided sufficient information on response of woody vegetation to elephants. We considered size and duration of studies, elephant densities, rainfall, fences, and study outcomes in our analysis. We detected a disproportionate citation of 20 published studies in our database, 15 of which concluded that woody vegetation responded negatively to elephants. Our analysis showed that high elephant densities had a negative effect on woody vegetation but that rainfall and presence of fences influenced these effects. In arid savannas, woody vegetation always responded negatively to elephants. In transitional savannas, an increase in elephant densities did not influence woody vegetation response. In mesic savannas, negative responses of woody vegetation increased when elephants occurred at higher densities, whereas elephants confined by fences also had more negative effects on woody plants than elephants that were not confined. Our analysis suggested that rainfall and fences influenced elephant density related impact and that research results were often site‐specific. Local environmental conditions and site‐specific objectives should be considered when developing management actions to curb elephant impacts on woody vegetation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of African Elephants on Savanna Vegetation

2008

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“…These are as follows: (1) QENP (Albertine Rift Valley): Semiarid savannah (Spinage 1968) with a bimodal rainfall pattern (400-750 mm; Lock 1967;Field 1968) comprising a Capparis tomentosa/ Euphorbia candelabra thicket bushland in open Sporobolus pyramidalis grasslands (Lock 1977(Lock , 1988Zandri and Viskanic 1992). Woody cover is below 10% (Pratt et al 1966) and monthly mean temperatures are between 22°C and 25°C (Deutsch 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do ecotypes of bushbuck differ in grouping patterns?

et al. 2009

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Grouping patterns within the genus Tragelaphus suggest that species inhabiting open areas tend to live in larger groups, while species preferring dense habitats live solitarily or in small family groups. We asked if similar variation would be concealed in the within-species variation of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). Recent molecular phylogeographic analyses revealed several locally adapted forms of bushbuck in different ecoregions on the African continent. We compared group sizes of south-eastern bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus) among six different populations ("ecotypes"). To date, most data on the social organization of bushbuck have been collected from only one population in Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in Uganda. This particular population, however, inhabits an unusual-comparatively open-habitat type, while bushbuck otherwise inhabit dense habitats, leaving doubt whether data collected in QENP are representative of the entire species. We, therefore, compared grouping patterns between ecotypes inhabiting rather open habitats (e.g., dianae and haywoodi) and ecotypes occupying rather dense habitats (e.g., massaicus and ornatus). In bachelor groups and in all-female (spinster) groups, single sightings were the most frequent "group type" in all populations examined. We detected no significant difference among ecotypes in relative frequencies of group size categories in the case of bachelor groups. Spinster group sizes were slightly (albeit significantly) smaller in QENP than in all other areas. Moreover, a comparison of two areas inside (low human pursuit) and outside Lake Mburo National Park (high hunting pressure) in Uganda revealed no significant difference in grouping patterns in response to human pursuit (as reported for impala [Aepyceros melampus] inhabiting the same area). Altogether, our results suggest that group sizes in bushbuck are not dependent on the habitat type they inhabit; neither does human nuisance have an impact on grouping patterns. Hence, an "almost solitary" lifestyle appears to be a characteristic of the entire taxon.

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“…Grass samples were identified with reference to Harker & Napper (1960), Lock (1970Lock ( , 1988, and the herbarium at the Uganda Institute of Ecology, and each 4 ha unit assigned to one of nine communities, adapted from Lock (1977Lock ( , 1988 Lock (1977), this grassland appears to be replacing Sporobolus pyramidalis in areas near the Kazinga Channel which were previously overgrazed by hippos and elephants, but where grazing pressure has been reduced because of…”

Section: Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lekking by Default: Female Habitat Preferences and Male Strategies in Uganda Kob

Deutsch¹

1994

The Journal of Animal Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Animal Ecology. Summary 1. In lek-breeding ungulates, males defend small territories clustered on traditional mating grounds called leks. One explanation for the evolution of lek-breeding is that males hold lek territories as a default strategy when they cannot monopolize females by defending female home ranges, stable female groups or predictable resource patches. 2. The assumptions of this explanation were tested by comparing the distribution of males, females and resources in a lekking antelope, the Uganda kob (Kobus kob thomasi) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Methods included repeated censuses along transects and multiple Poisson regression. 3. Female kob were associated strongly with short, green grass and more weakly with particular growth stages, vegetation communities and landforms. Female distribution varied widely over short periods of time and changes in density were associated with changes in grass greenness which apparently resulted from localized rainfall. 4. The distribution of adult males was not strongly related to that of females or of resources; most adult males were found within one kilometre of a lek. 5. The distribution of kob thus differs from that of puku (kobus vardoni), a closely related species in which females are consistently associated with swale vegetation and males hold territories based on patches of swale. These results are consistent with the argument that male kob advertise for females from display sites because no defensible resource patches exist which predictably attract non-oestrous females.

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Vegetation change in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda: 1970–1988

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of African Elephants on Savanna Vegetation

A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of African Elephants on Savanna Vegetation

Do ecotypes of bushbuck differ in grouping patterns?

Lekking by Default: Female Habitat Preferences and Male Strategies in Uganda Kob

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