Vegetation as a tool in the interpretation of fluvial geomorphic processes and landforms

Hupp, Cliff R.; Dufour, Simon; Bornette, Gudrun

doi:10.1002/9781118648551.ch10

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Sixty-eight stream and river sites were sampled to represent the landscape variability within the 185 000 km 2 Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River watersheds in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic (figure 1), formative watersheds in American history that now supply drinking water and economic activity to almost 40 million people (Kauffman and Collier 2018) and have a long history of watershed and stream disturbance (Costa 1975, Walter andMerrits 2008). Dendrogeomorphic measurements of long-term geomorphic change (Hupp et al 2016), geomorphometric surveying, and sediment characterization, were made of both streambank and floodplain throughout a representative 100 m sampling reach of each site. These measurements were used to calculate rates of vertical net change of active floodplain and of lateral net change of streambank and the resulting fluxes of mass of sediment and attached nutrients per meter of channel length per year in each site, representing mean rates over the decadal time scales of woody vegetation measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank and floodplain geomorphic change and contribution to watershed material budgets

Noe

Hopkins

Claggett

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Stream geomorphic change is highly spatially variable but critical to landform evolution, human infrastructure, habitat, and watershed pollutant transport. However, measurements and process models of streambank erosion and floodplain deposition and resulting sediment fluxes are currently insufficient to predict these rates in all perennial streams over large regions. Here we measured long-term lateral streambank and vertical floodplain change and sediment fluxes using dendrogeomorphology in streams around the U.S. Mid-Atlantic, and then statistically modeled and extrapolated these rates to all 74,133 perennial, nontidal streams in the region using watershed- and reach-scale predictors. Measured long-term rates of streambank erosion and floodplain deposition were highly spatially variable across the landscape from the mountains to the coast. Random Forest regression identified that geomorphic change and resulting fluxes of sediment and nutrients, for both streambank and floodplain, were most influenced by urban and agricultural land use and the drainage area of the upstream watershed. Modeled rates for headwater streams were net erosional whereas downstream reaches were on average net depositional, leading to regional cumulative sediment loads from streambank erosion (-5.1 Tg yr-1) being nearly balanced by floodplain deposition (+5.3 Tg yr-1). Geomorphic changes in stream valleys had substantial influence on watershed sediment, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen budgets in comparison to existing predictions of upland erosion and delivery to streams and of downstream sediment loading. The unprecedented scale of these novel findings provides important insights into the balance of erosion and deposition in streams within disturbed landscapes and the importance of geomorphic change to stream water quality and carbon sequestration, and provides vital understanding for targeting management actions to restore watersheds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streambank and floodplain geomorphic change and contribution to watershed material budgets

Noe

Hopkins

Claggett

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…For this study, the inner dates were used as the best estimate for dating and grouping of the data for analysis, and ages were defined as years before 2017. Following core collection, the cores were mounted, prepared, and cross-dated at Western Carolina University using skeleton plots according to procedures described by Stokes and Smiley [40]. Decadal-scale, bank erosion rates were determined by measuring the amount of erosion that had occurred around the roots of dendrochronologically dated trees growing along the upper edge of the channel banks (patterned after Hupp and Bornette, [40]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following core collection, the cores were mounted, prepared, and cross-dated at Western Carolina University using skeleton plots according to procedures described by Stokes and Smiley [40]. Decadal-scale, bank erosion rates were determined by measuring the amount of erosion that had occurred around the roots of dendrochronologically dated trees growing along the upper edge of the channel banks (patterned after Hupp and Bornette, [40]). More specifically, bank erosion rates were estimated for 17 trees by dividing the amount of erosion by the determined age of the tree, where the amount of erosion was defined as the distance from the channel bank to the most distant root exposed within the channel (Figure S3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Historical Land-Use Change on Contemporary Channel Processes, Form, and Restoration

2021

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Big Harris Creek, North Carolina, possesses a geomorphic history similar to many drainages in the southern Appalachian piedmont, and was used herein as a representative example of the influence of European settlement on contemporary channel form and processes. The integrated use of historical, dendrogeomorphic, stratigraphic, and cartographic data shows that the conversion of land-cover from a mix of natural conditions and small farms to commercial cotton production in the late 1800s and early 1900s led to significant upland soil erosion, gully formation, and the deposition of legacy sediments on the valley floor. Aggradation was followed by catchment-wide channel incision in the mid-1900s in response to reforestation and the implementation of soil conservation measures. Collectively, the responses form an aggradational-degradational episode (ADE) that produced the geomorphic framework for the contemporary processes operating along the drainage network. Defined, characterized, and mapped process zones (stream reaches of similar form and process) show that the type, intensity, and evolutionary sequence of geomorphic responses varied within the catchment as a function of the position along the drainage network, the erosional resistance of the underlying bedrock, and the valley characteristics (particularly width). Understanding the spatially variable influences of the ADE on contemporary, reach-scale geomorphic processes provides valuable insights for restoration as it helps inform practitioners of the sensitivity and ways in which the reach is likely to respond to future disturbances, the potential impacts of processes on proposed manipulations intended to achieve the project’s restoration goals, and the potential risk(s) involved with channel reconstruction. The latter is strongly controlled by geotechnical differences between erosionally resistant precolonial deposits and easily eroded legacy sediments that locally form the channel banks following the ADE.

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“…Celle-ci est basée sur le principe que les cernes de croissance produits par les espèces ligneuses enregistrent une variabilité interannuelle de leur largeur et que cette variabilité est liée à la dynamique des paramètres environnementaux inluençant la croissance ligneuse (climat, apport en eau, ouverture ou fermeture du milieu…) (Béguin et al, 1991 ;Stoffel et al, 2012). Dans le cas des forêts riveraines, les facteurs environnementaux dominants sont, premièrement, le degré de connexion hydrologique avec le chenal et la nappe d'accompagnement et, secondairement, les processus sédimentaires qui ont cours dans le chenal et dans la plaine (Astrade et Bégin, 2003 ;Astrade et Dufour, 2010 ;Hupp et al, 2016). De fait, la végétation alluviale est un bon indicateur de la dynamique des cours d'eau.…”

Section: Matériel Et Méthodes Sites D'étudeunclassified

“…La dendrochronologie est classiquement utilisée ain de déterminer la chronologie, l'intensité et la répartition spatiale des changements passés (Braam et al, 1987). Cependant, la sensibilité de cet outil est variable dans le temps et dans l'espace (Hupp et al, 2016). Cette étude comprend donc une dimension méthodologique, puisqu'il s'agit de tester l'intérêt effectif d'une approche dendrochronologique pour étudier le fonctionnement des ripisylves des cours d'eau du Nord-Ouest de la France ce qui, à notre connaissance, n'a jamais été fait.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence de la suppression des petits barrages sur la végétation riveraine des cours d'eau du nord-ouest de la France

Depoilly¹,

Dufour²

2015

norois

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continuité écologique des cours d'eau. Cette politique se traduit notamment par la suppression de certains ouvrages (barrages, seuils de moulins, etc.) ain de favoriser le déplacement des espèces aquatiques et le transfert des sédiments. La multiplication des actions de suppression des obstacles à l'écoulement pose de nombreuses questions opérationnelles et scientiiques : acceptabilité, prise en compte des usages, inluence réelle sur les hydrosystèmes, etc. Dans cette étude, nous analysons l'inluence de ces actions sur un compartiment de l'hydrosystème souvent négligé, celui des milieux des plaines alluviales adjacentes au chenal. Pour cela, nous avons analysé l'inluence d'une suppression de petits ouvrages sur la ripisylve située en amont pour deux cours d'eau de l'Ouest de la France (la Vire et l'Orne) par une approche de dendrochronologie. La mesure rétrospective des cernes de croissance des arbres de la ripisylve sur une période de trente ans met majoritairement en évidence une baisse signiicative de la croissance ligneuse suite à la suppression des ouvrages.

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Vegetation as a tool in the interpretation of fluvial geomorphic processes and landforms

Cited by 11 publications

References 203 publications

Streambank and floodplain geomorphic change and contribution to watershed material budgets

Streambank and floodplain geomorphic change and contribution to watershed material budgets

Influence of Historical Land-Use Change on Contemporary Channel Processes, Form, and Restoration

Influence de la suppression des petits barrages sur la végétation riveraine des cours d'eau du nord-ouest de la France

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