Vegetation and Phytogeography: A Brief Characteristic

Meshinev, Tenyo

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5781-6_22

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This record is unique for this dry lowland area of Bulgaria (Bozilova et al . 1996) since the lack of suitable sedimentary records has restricted our knowledge of the Holocene vegetation succession to biogeographical inferences from the upland areas (Peev and Delcheva 2007; Meshinev 2007). The diverse macrofossil assemblages of Ezero contribute towards our understanding of the floristic diversity of the last 3000 years.…”

Section: The New Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Subsistence Strategies in the Early Iron Age? - New Results From the Alföld Plain, Hungary, and the Thracian Plain, Bulgaria

Chapman¹,

Magyari

Gaydarska³

2009

Oxford Journal of Archaeology

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What can students of the past do to establish the predominant land-use and settlement practices of populations who leave little or no artefactual discard as a testament to their lifeways? The traditional answer, especially in Eastern Europe, is to invoke often exogenous nomadic pastoralists whose dwelling in perpetuo mobile was based on yurts, minimal local ceramic production and high curation levels of wooden and metal containers. Such a lacuna of understanding settlement structure and environmental impacts typifies Early Iron Age (henceforth 'EIA') settlements in both Bulgaria and eastern Hungary -a period when the inception of the use of iron in Central and South-East Europe has a profound effect on the flourishing regional bronze industries of the Late Bronze Age (henceforth 'LBA').The methodological proposal in this paper is the high value of palynological research for subsistence strategies and human impacts in any area with a poor settlement record. This proposal is illustrated by two new lowland pollen diagrams -Ezero, south-east Bulgaria, and Sarló-hát, northeast Hungary -which provide new insights into this research question. In the Thracian valley, there is a disjunction between an area of high arable potential, the small size and short-lived nature of most LBA and EIA settlements and the strong human impact from the LBA and EIA periods in the Ezero diagram. In the Hungarian Plain, the pollen record suggests that, during the LBA-EIA, extensive grazing meadows were established in the alluvial plain, with the inception of woodland clearance on a massive scale from c.800 cal BC, that contradicts the apparent decline in human population in this area. An attempted explanation of these results comprises the exploration of three general positions -the indigenist thesis, the exogenous thesis and the interactionist thesis. Neither of these results fits well with the traditional view of EIA populations as incoming steppe nomadic pastoralists. Instead, this study seeks to explore the tensions between local productivity and the wider exchange networks in which they are entangled.

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Section: The New Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Subsistence Strategies in the Early Iron Age? - New Results From the Alföld Plain, Hungary, and the Thracian Plain, Bulgaria

Chapman¹,

Magyari

Gaydarska³

2009

Oxford Journal of Archaeology

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“…The rivers, which flow directly into the Black Sea, belong to the Euxinian (Black Sea) drainage area and are usually short and small. The studied upland rivers belong to four altitude vegetation belts: xerothermic oak forests, xeromesophytic oak and hornbeam forests, beech belt, and coniferous belt [14]. Point source pollution with untreated waste waters and diffuse pollution from agriculture were recognized as the most significant pressures on Bulgarian rivers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Stressors in Upland Rivers: Aquatic Macrophyte Responses. A Case Study from Bulgaria

Gecheva

Pall²,

Todorov

et al. 2021

Plants

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Upland rivers across Europe still exhibit undisturbed conditions and represent a treasure that we cannot afford to lose. We hypothesize that the combination of pristine and modified conditions could demonstrate biological responses along the stressor gradients. Thus, the response of aquatic macrophyte communities to anthropogenic stressors along upland rivers in Bulgaria was studied. Six stressors were selected out of 36 parameters grouped into hydromorphological, chemical variables and combined drivers (catchment land use). The stressors strongly affected species richness on the basis of biological type (bryophytes vs. vascular plants) and ecomorphological type (hydrophytes vs. helophytes). Hydrological alteration expressed by the change of the river’s base flow and altered riparian habitats has led to a suppression of bryophytes and a dominance of riverbank plant communities. Seventy-five percent of mountain sites were lacking bryophytes, and the vegetation at semi-mountainous sites was dominated by vascular plants. It can be concluded that hydropeaking, organic and inorganic pollution, and discontinuous urban structures caused important modifications in the aquatic macrophyte assemblages. Macrophyte abundance and the biological and ecomorphological type of aquatic macrophytes reflect multi-stressor effects in upland rivers.

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“…Ol savsk a and . Noteworthy is the patchy nature of the Balkan landscape (Stevanovi c, 1996;Reed et al, 2004;Meshinev, 2007;Velikov and Stoyanova, 2007), where numerous borders between geomorphological units probably served as effective barriers to species migration or gene flow.…”

Section: Aflps Help Disentangle the Evolution And Biogeography Of Cyamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems that the climatic and topographical heterogeneity of the Balkan Peninsula (Stevanovi c, 1996;Meshinev, 2007;Velikov and Stoyanova, 2007;Radford and Odé, 2009) played a crucial role in the diversification of the C. napulifer group. The adaptation process in the C. napulifer group has resulted in an array of different morphological and ecological traits, some of which even lead to different life strategies.…”

Section: Aflps Help Disentangle the Evolution And Biogeography Of Cyamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneous climate and complex physical geography of the Balkan Peninsula provided a wide range of conditions for different species and vegetation types to evolve in. The patchy, topographically varied landscape of the Balkans, with its mosaic of mountain ranges, islands and peninsulas that acted as migration barriers for most organisms, significantly contributed to the formation of Balkan biodiversity (Stevanovi c, 1996;Reed et al, 2004;Meshinev, 2007;Peev and Delcheva, 2007;Velikov and Stoyanova, 2007;Radford and Odé, 2009) (Greuter, 2006(Greuter, -2009Kaya and Bancheva, 2009)]. Although their mutual phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, previous genetic studies indicate their close evolutionary relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the origins of Balkan endemics: the complex evolutionary history of theCyanus napulifergroup (Asteraceae)

Olšavská

Slovák

Marhold

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims The Balkan Peninsula is one of the most important centres of plant diversity in Europe.Here we aim to fill the gap in the current knowledge of the evolutionary processes and factors modelling this astonishing biological richness by applying multiple approaches to the Cyanus napulifer group.Methods To reconstruct the mode of diversification within the C. napulifer group and to uncover its relationships with potential relatives with x ¼ 10 from Europe and Northern Africa, we examined variation in genetic markers (amplified fragment length polymorphisms [AFLPs]; 460 individuals), relative DNA content (4 0 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI] flow cytometry, 330 individuals) and morphology (multivariate morphometrics, 40 morphological characters, 710 individuals). To elucidate its evolutionary history, we analysed chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences of the genus Cyanus deposited in the GenBank database.Key Results The AFLPs revealed a suite of closely related entities with variable levels of differentiation. The C. napulifer group formed a genetically well-defined unit. Samples outside the group formed strongly diversified and mostly species-specific genetic lineages with no further geographical patterns, often characterized also by a different DNA content. AFLP analysis of the C. napulifer group revealed extensive radiation and split it into nine allopatric (sub)lineages with varying degrees of congruence among genetic, DNA-content and morphological patterns. Genetic admixture was usually detected in contact zones between genetic lineages. Plastid data indicated extensive maintenance of ancestral variation across Cyanus perennials.Conclusion The C. napulifer group is an example of a rapidly and recently diversified plant group whose genetic lineages have evolved in spatio-temporal isolation on the topographically complex Balkan Peninsula. Adaptive radiation, accompanied in some cases by long-term isolation and hybridization, has contributed to the formation of this species complex and its mosaic pattern.

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Vegetation and Phytogeography: A Brief Characteristic

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Contrasting Subsistence Strategies in the Early Iron Age? - New Results From the Alföld Plain, Hungary, and the Thracian Plain, Bulgaria

Contrasting Subsistence Strategies in the Early Iron Age? - New Results From the Alföld Plain, Hungary, and the Thracian Plain, Bulgaria

Anthropogenic Stressors in Upland Rivers: Aquatic Macrophyte Responses. A Case Study from Bulgaria

On the origins of Balkan endemics: the complex evolutionary history of theCyanus napulifergroup (Asteraceae)

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