Vegetation and Climate of the Summit Zone of Mount Kinabalu in Relation to the Walker Circulation

Kitayama, Kanehiro; Ando, Soichi; Repin, Rimi; Nais, Jamili

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.745

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo, there are comparably cool, wet montane rainforests with microphyll and notophyll leaf areas (Kitayama et al, 2015). Further, the Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Australian analogs for an Eocene Patagonian paleorainforest using leaf size and floristics

Merkhofer

Wilf

Haas

et al. 2015

American J of Botany

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“…On Mt. Kinabalu, northern Borneo, there are comparably cool, wet montane rainforests with microphyll and notophyll leaf areas (Kitayama et al, 2015). Further, the Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Australian analogs for an Eocene Patagonian paleorainforest using leaf size and floristics

Merkhofer

Wilf

Haas

et al. 2015

American J of Botany

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“…Rainfall decreases drastically during droughts associated with El Nino; monthly potential evapotranspiration exceeds monthly rainfall during such drought periods (Kitayama et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Measured annual rainfall during 1996-97 is relatively uniform throughout the slope, being approximately 2300 mm yr À1 (Kitayama & Aiba 2002). Rainfall decreases drastically during droughts associated with El Nino; monthly potential evapotranspiration exceeds monthly rainfall during such drought periods (Kitayama et al 2014).…”

Section: S T U D Y a R E A Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term C, N and P allocation to reproduction in Bornean tropical rain forests

et al. 2015

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Summary1. Tropical rain forests in SE Asia are well known for the occurrence of supra-annual synchronous reproductive events, masting. Answering the question how trees allocate carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to such irregular but gregarious reproduction requires a long-term observation. We conducted a 10-year continuous monitoring of litterfall in eight tropical rain forests, which differ significantly in P (and N) availability on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. 2. Mean P concentration in reproductive organ litter decreased significantly with increasing P-use efficiency of net primary production (PUE), an index of P deficiency. Therefore, P in reproductive organ litter became diluted as the magnitude of P deficiency increased. Mean annual litterfall (kg haÀ1 yr À1 ) of reproductive organs over the 10 years ranged from 128.5 to 730.9 across the eight forests. Long-term C allocation ratio to reproductive organs (i.e. C in reproductive organs per C in total litterfall) varied from 2.0% to 7.8% across the eight forests and did not relate with PUE, indicating that long-term C allocation ratio to reproduction was not controlled by the availability of the most critical soil nutrient. 4. Long-term N allocation ratio to reproduction varied from 2.7% to 9.9% and significantly positively related with C allocation ratio. The quotient of N allocation ratio to C allocation ratio ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. Long-term P allocation ratio to reproduction varied from 9.8% to 16.4%. The quotient of P allocation ratio to C allocation ratio ranged from 1.6 to 5.0. Therefore, tropical trees allocated much greater proportion of P to reproduction than C and N over the 10 years. Moreover, trees disproportionately increased P allocation to reproduction with decreasing C allocation to reproduction. Trees adjusted P allocation relative to C allocation and maintained a narrow range of P allocation ratio to reproduction in the long run in each site. 5. Synthesis. Reproduction in Bornean tropical rain forests costs more P than C and N. Our results suggest that reproductive events in these forests are regulated by P at the level of overall long-term mean. Understanding patterns and processes of reproductive events requires a long-term monitoring of nutrient dynamics.

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“…While severe droughts can occur also in the lowland during El Niño to the extent that causes higher tree mortality (Aiba & Kitayama, 2002; Potts, 2003), the magnitude of droughts is greater above about 3,000 m than at lower altitudes with less precipitation and a higher evaporation demand (Kitayama et al, 1999; Kitayama et al, 2014). This is because the Walker circulation, a synoptic air circulation in the equatorial Pacific, becomes weakened during an El Niño event and brings about a stronger air subsidence with dry conditions at higher altitudes in the western Pacific (Kitayama, 1996; Kitayama et al, 2014; Nullet & Juvik, 1994). For example, in the El Niño drought in 2010 prior to our study, the total precipitation during the peak driest 50 days at 3270 m was only 6.1 mm (unpublished data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genecology and ecophysiology of the maintenance of foliar phenotypic polymorphisms of Leptospermum recurvum (Myrtaceae) under oscillating atmospheric desiccation in the tropical‐subalpine zone of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

Ando

Isagi

Kitayama

2020

Ecological Research

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We investigated genecology and ecophysiological mechanisms of the polymorphism of leaf trichome density of Leptospermum recurvum Hook. f. (Myrtaceae) in the deglaciated summit zone above 3,000 m a.s.l. of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Various phenotypes with variable foliar trichome densities occurred sympatrically in the same population, and the composition of coexisting phenotypes varied substantially among populations. We conducted a common garden experiment by sowing seeds from multiple maternal trees of different leaf trichome densities. We found a significant relation between pubescence of maternal trees and offspring, which indicated that leaf trichome density had a genetic basis. Microsatellite analysis revealed that there was no barrier to gene flows among phenotypes or among populations, and very low neutral genetic differentiation among populations with high gene flows for both directions of phenotypes. The soils in the sites dominated by pubescent trees were significantly more desiccated than in the sites dominated by glabrous trees during a short drought. Glabrous trees had a significantly greater mortality rate than pubescent trees after an intensive El Niño drought (13.7 vs. 3.9%) in the same sites where both phenotypes occurred sympatrically. Pubescent individuals demonstrated a significantly greater photosynthetic water‐use efficiency than glabrous individuals. El Niño droughts could cause large difference in soil moisture among sites and that a greater desiccation stress removed glabrous phenotypes as one end of divergent natural selection to form pubescent populations. These results implied that the process shaping the phenotypic polymorphisms involved strong gene flows combined with ongoing divergent selection.

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Vegetation and Climate of the Summit Zone of Mount Kinabalu in Relation to the Walker Circulation

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Resolving Australian analogs for an Eocene Patagonian paleorainforest using leaf size and floristics

Resolving Australian analogs for an Eocene Patagonian paleorainforest using leaf size and floristics

Long‐term C, N and P allocation to reproduction in Bornean tropical rain forests

Genecology and ecophysiology of the maintenance of foliar phenotypic polymorphisms of Leptospermum recurvum (Myrtaceae) under oscillating atmospheric desiccation in the tropical‐subalpine zone of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

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