Vegetation and climate of the Eemian Interglacial and Early Weichselian (Vistulian) in Poland – from the local to regional scale. In memory of Professor Kazimiera Mamakowa

A palaeohydrological record of a complete Eemian series from Żabieniec Ża-19 (Garwolin Plain, Central Poland) with reference to palaeoclimate data

“…Główczyn (Niklew ski 1968), Besiekierz (Janczyk-Kopikowa 1991), Bie ganin (Malkiewicz 2003). Various changes, such as a decrease in the sedimentation rate, are also visible in Eemian sediments from the following sites: Switzerland (Borówko-Dłużakowa and Halicki 1957), Dziewule (Binka and Nitychoruk 2001), Kontro wers (Kupryjanowicz et al 2003), Ustków (Kołaczek et al 2016). However, as these studies tend to have quite low resolution, no detailed examination of this problem is possible.…”

“…Although this division lacks absolute dating, it is possible to distinguish synchronic periods. The situation of the sedimentary breaks, and their possible causes in the Eemian hornbeam phase, were analysed in detail based on palynological data from Northern Podlasie (Kupryjanowicz 2008), which includes a hiatus in the sediments covering the younger part of the hornbeam phase, and sometimes also the spruce-fir phase. The author attributes this break to inter alia lowering of the erosional base that caused drying of the lake and the lack of possibility of deposition of organic deposits.…”

“…One example of such a lake is Kozłów, which is about 6 km from Żabieniec in a straight line (Suchora et al 2022). Kupryjanowicz (2008) proposes that the lowering of the water level in the Eemian lakes in the hornbeam phase was preceded by a high water level. Traces of this phenomenon can be found in the profiles of Struga (Zalat et al 2021) and Parysów, in the form of a visible increase in the number of littoral species (Bober 2022, mnsc).…”

“…The findings correlate very closely with other records of the Eemian successions of Western Europe. Among the Polish sites of Eemian lacustrine sediments, several have been developed by high-resolution sampling, thus allowing clima tic oscillations to be tracked (e.g., Granoszewski 2003;Kupryjanowicz 2008;Kołaczek et al 2012;Malkiewicz 2018;Mirosław-Grabowska et al 2018).…”