Vegetable oils rich in alpha linolenic acid increment hepatic n-3 LCPUFA, modulating the fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant response in rats

Rincón‐Cervera, Miguel Ángel; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Hernández-Rodas, María Catalina; Barrera, Cynthia; Espinosa, Alejandra; Marambio, Macarena; Valenzuela, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2016.02.002

Cited by 75 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…A direct consequence of HFD-induced decrease in the desaturase activity of the liver, with reduction in the synthesis of LCPUFAs, is the diminution of the n-6 and n-3 LCPUFA levels in red blood cells, brain, heart, and testicle, considering that the liver is the main organ for LCPUFA biosynthesis in mammals [9, 10]. In this context, it is important to note that the LCPUFA content in erythrocytes is considered a metabolic marker of the liver synthesis of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs from their respective precursors [10, 14, 15, 38, 47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPA is involved in the control of vascular homeostasis and resolution of the inflammatory responses [6], whereas DHA has a key role in brain and visual development [7] and in the protection of central and peripheral nervous system [8]. Synthesis of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFA from LA and ALA occurs mainly in the liver through a complex process of elongation and desaturation reactions to yield AA, EPA, and DHA [9], Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase representing the most relevant enzymes in LCPUFA biosynthesis, with Δ-6 desaturase being the limiting enzyme of the process [10]. The activity and the expression of both desaturases are regulated by hormones such as insulin and estrogens and by the intracellular redox state [11, 12], and are subjected to polymorphisms resulting in alteration of tissue n-6 and n-3 LCPUFA levels [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with relevant roles in the organism. EPA and DHA are synthesized from the precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3), whereas AA is produced from linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) through the action of Δ5 and Δ6-desaturases. High-fat diet (HFD) decreases the activity of both desaturases and LCPUFA accretion in liver and other tissues. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant, has an important cytoprotective effects in different cells and tissues.MethodsMale mice C57BL/6 J were fed a control diet (CD) (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates) or a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks. Animals were daily supplemented with saline (CD) or 5 mg HT (HFD), and blood and the studied tissues were analyzed after the HT intervention. Parameters studied included liver histology (optical microscopy), activity of hepatic desaturases 5 and 6 (gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters derivatives) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase by spectrophotometry), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactants, and the antioxidant capacity of plasma), gene expression assays for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) (qPCR and ELISA), and LCPUFA profiles in liver, erythrocyte, brain, heart, and testicle (gas-liquid chromatography).ResultsHFD led to insulin resistance and liver steatosis associated with SREBP-1c upregulation, with enhancement in plasma and liver oxidative stress status and diminution in the synthesis and storage of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs in the studied tissues, compared to animals given control diet. HT supplementation significantly reduced fat accumulation in liver and plasma as well as tissue metabolic alterations induced by HFD. Furthermore, a normalization of desaturase activities, oxidative stress-related parameters, and tissue n-3 LCPUFA content was observed in HT-treated rats over control animals.ConclusionsHT supplementation prevents metabolic alterations in desaturase activities, oxidative stress status, and n-3 LCPUFA content in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of mice fed HFD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0450-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice

et al. 2017

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“…Oxidative stress is a well‐recognized mechanism that is closely involved in MetS (Rani, Deep, Singh, Palle, & Yadav, ) and liver diseases (Shaaban et al, ). Dietary chia was mostly antioxidant due to the well‐known antioxidant properties of PUFAs (González‐Périz et al, ; Najafi et al, ; Rincón‐Cervera et al, ). However, DC alone promoted liver oxidative stress, probably because the metabolism of high amounts of antioxidant polyphenols and PUFAs may generate reactive agents, as observed for prooxidant very long chain fatty acids (Baarine et al, ), or because they are very reactive by themselves in the absence of free radicals to react with (Morales‐López et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 15% of ground chia in DC was considered a quantity that theoretically contained enough ALA (ω‐3) and that was isocaloric to DE (335.4 kcal/100 g for DE and 342.25 kcal/100 g for DC). Hence, the 15% of ground chia and the time of administration of 4 weeks were considered a moderate amount used in diets to feed Wistar rats and a medium period for dietary chia intake, respectively, based on previous reports (Ayerza & Coates, , ) and compared to other authors (da Silva et al, ; Poudyal, Panchal, Waanders, et al, ; Rincón‐Cervera et al, ; Rossi et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats

et al. 2019

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Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) are rich in omega fatty acids. Dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis are diseases that require effective treatments in obese and non‐obese patients. The aim was to evaluate the effect of chia intake on acute tyloxapol (TI)‐induced dyslipidemia, on acute carbon tetrachloride (TC)‐induced steatohepatitis, and on mixed damage (TC+TI) in non‐obese rats. Four experimental groups were fed for 4 weeks a diet with established rodent food (DE), and four groups were fed a diet with 15% added chia (DC). Plasma samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, biochemical liver damage markers, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Liver samples were used to quantify glycogen, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and TNF‐α. A histopathological analysis was performed. DC intake partially or totally prevented steatohepatitis, and reduced lipids in the dyslipidemic groups. The hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia may be correlated to its high content of α‐linolenic acid (omega‐3) and phenolics. Practical applications Metabolic syndrome is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are currently the most common causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for NAFLD and NASH. Non‐obese patients may have NAFLD or NASH. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia are more strongly associated with NAFLD in non‐obese than in obese patients. This is the first study evaluating the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed intake on acute dyslipidemia and/or steatohepatitis caused by the individual or combined administration of the inducers tyloxapol and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, in non‐obese rats. The pharmacological effects of dietary chia are correlated to its high content of omega‐3 and omega‐6 (1:1), protein, dietary fiber, and phenolics. The results suggest that inclusion of chia in diets of non‐obese patients with dyslipidemia and/or NAFLD/NASH may improve their health state and preventing cirrhosis or HCC.

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“…Hence, they play an important role in growth, development and maintaining human health. Linoleic acid (C18:2 n‐6 LA) and α‐linoleic acid (C18:3 n‐3, ALA) are two most essential PUFAs to human, which should be incorporated by the diet since lack of the necessary enzymes to synthesize them (Rincon‐Cervera et al, 2016). Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n‐3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n‐3, DHA) are two main n‐3 PUFAs derived from the precursor ALA and both of them are found in fish oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet of polyunsaturated fatty acid influence the physical and neurobehaviour of rat offspring

Yang

Shao

Zheng

et al. 2018

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Vegetable oils rich in alpha linolenic acid increment hepatic n-3 LCPUFA, modulating the fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant response in rats

Cited by 75 publications

References 61 publications

Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice

Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice

Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats

Maternal diet of polyunsaturated fatty acid influence the physical and neurobehaviour of rat offspring

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