Vegetable Oil based Bio-lubricants and Transformer Fluids

Abstract

the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives: State-of-the-art and future development

“…Among the rare-earth compounds studied, the most widely used elements were La and Ce. Such compounds can be used either individually as lubricant additives or in other NPs such as TiO 2 3 , and LaF 3 NPs used as FMs in lubricants have been widely studied [153][154][155]. Cerium oxide (≈ 90 nm) should also be noted, which was blended in paraffin oil and used as a nanolubricant [156].…”

“…Recently, the use of nanomaterials as lubricant additives (also known as nanolubricants) has become an important research area [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The nanolubricant approach is used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional anti-wear and anti-friction additives associated with the need for chemical reactions with substrates, and hence the induction period for obtaining a tribo-film on the friction surface.…”

On Some Imperative IEEE Standards for Usage of Natural Ester Liquids in Transformers

“…Some authors have shown that the acidity of esters increases proportionally overtime, and this increase could extend well beyond the specified limit value, even in an enclosed environment with minimal oxygen. [30], [31]. Better aging performance of cellulose has been found in natural ester with a high level of acidity compared to mineral oil [30].…”

Thermal Aging Characteristics of Newly Synthesized Triester Insulation Oil

“…The biodegradation of TME oil is 82.2% after 28 days. The biodegradation of NEOs is more than 85% [22]. FR3 oil is produced from soybean oil.…”