Vegan men and hybrid masculinity

Sustainability and Consumption: What's Gender Got to Do with It?

“…Supporting the extension of masculinity threat research to SC, men are less motivated to engage in SC when their masculinity is threatened, and more likely to engage when their masculinity is affirmed (Brough, Wilkie, Ma, Isaac, & Gal, ). For instance, men who experience masculinity threat are less likely to buy “green” products (Brough et al., ) and to favor meat‐eating (Nakagawa & Hart, ), which is culturally equated with masculinity (Greenebaum & Dexter, ). One explanation for these preferences may be that men anticipate greater discomfort when engaging in “feminine” pro‐environmental behaviors compared to women engaging in “masculine” behaviors (Johnson et al., ).…”

Virile Infertile Men, and Other Representations of In/Fertile Hegemonic Masculinity in Fiction Television Series

“…It is argued that some of these norms explicitly relate to male fertility, that is, to men's ability to make women pregnant (Cragun and Sumerau 2017), to the role of men as the head of and provider for their (biological) families, to men having offspring and an heir (Schmitz 2016), or to men's ability to have an erection and to ejaculate (Clarke, Marks, and Lykins 2015;Johnson Jr 2010). Moreover, norms that legitimize men's powerful positions may also adhere to other lived features like being strong (Wetherell and Edley 1999), tall (Talbot and Quayle 2010), rational (Bird 1996;Wetherell and Edley 1999), or emotionally stoic (Greenebaum and Dexter 2018). These latter norms, in turn, may intersect with masculine norms related to in/fertility.…”

“…These latter norms, in turn, may intersect with masculine norms related to in/fertility. For example, virile men may be expected to live up to norms of rationality and strength as well (Greenebaum and Dexter 2018;Johnson Jr 2010). In taking the concept of hegemonic masculinity as a heuristic tool, then, this study teases out how representations of men living with their infertility relate to certain masculine norms, and, by extension, whether and how these represented men may be understood as being in a position of power.…”

“…In the analysis phase, I watched and re-watched the collected episodes and/or seasons, transcribed conversations and monologues wherein male infertility is discussed and dealt with, and made notes about how men's infertility experiences are portrayed and verbalized through the scene's setting, the actors' gestures, their facial expressions, and their vocal use. By drawing on relevant theories about variants of (normative, hegemonic) masculinity in our culture (Gannon, Glover, and Abel 2004;Cragun and Sumerau 2017;Greenebaum and Dexter 2018;Inhorn 2003;Schilt 2006;Schmitz 2016;Scholz 2001), the transcriptions of relevant excerpts of the series, and the extensive notes I took while watching (and re-watching) these series, I identified recurring themes and sub-plots related to infertile men's negotiations with (their) masculinity. An example of such a theme is 'Questioning hegemonic masculinity: virility,' which includes all portrayals of (alleged) infertile men whose hegemonic masculinity was questioned because they were not (considered) manly enough (see particularly the character type of 'the virile infertile man').…”

“…Besides unwanted infertility, a few fiction television series include a narrative of voluntary male sterilization, namely when a man has or considers having a vasectomy. Such narratives generally involve the assumption that men who have a vasectomy are not 'real' men, something which seems to implicate an inability to live up to hegemonic masculine norms of bodily and emotional toughness (Greenebaum and Dexter 2018). For example, when Phil in Modern Family sits on a bench pondering whether he will have a vasectomy, the text on the back of the bench reads: "not a real man."…”