Vector-Virus Interactions and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus

Ciota, Alexander T.; Kramer, Laura D.

doi:10.3390/v5123021

Cited by 126 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Viral infections occur in all continents except Antarctica (Ciota and Kramer 2013). WNV cycles between transmitting mosquitos and birds with humans being incidental hosts (Kramer et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45

Friedrich

Schmidt

Schierhorn

et al. 2016

RNA

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A prerequisite for the intracellular replication process of the Flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) is the cyclization of the viral RNA genome, which enables the viral replicase to initiate RNA synthesis. Our earlier studies indicated that the p45 isoform of the cellular AU-rich element binding protein 1 (AUF1) has an RNA chaperone activity, which supports RNA cyclization and viral RNA synthesis by destabilizing a stem structure at the WNV RNA's 3 ′ -end. Here we show that in mammalian cells, AUF1 p45 is consistently modified by arginine methylation of its C terminus. By a combination of different experimental approaches, we can demonstrate that the methyltransferase PRMT1 is necessary and sufficient for AUF1 p45 methylation and that PRMT1 is required for efficient WNV replication. Interestingly, in comparison to the nonmethylated AUF1 p45, the methylated AUF1 p45 aDMA exhibits a significantly increased affinity to the WNV RNA termini. Further data also revealed that the RNA chaperone activity of AUF1 p45 aDMA is improved and the methylated protein stimulates viral RNA synthesis considerably more efficiently than the nonmethylated AUF1 p45. In addition to its destabilizing RNA chaperone activity, we identified an RNA annealing activity of AUF1 p45, which is not affected by methylation. Arginine methylation of AUF1 p45 thus represents a specific determinant of its RNA chaperone activity while functioning as a WNV host factor. Our data suggest that the methylation modifies the conformation of AUF1 p45 and in this way affects its RNA binding and restructuring activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45

Friedrich

Schmidt

Schierhorn

et al. 2016

RNA

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“…West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus ) has been particularly successful in a range of environments, resulting in a global distribution which is unprecedented among arboviruses. To date, WNV exists on all continents but Antarctica and can be classified into at least five distinct genetic lineages (May et al, 2011; Ciota & Kramer, 2013). This genetic diversity is likely attributed partly to stochastic change resulting from genetic isolation and drift, but also to adaptation to geographically distinct environments and transmission cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus adaptation to ixodid tick cells is associated with phenotypic trade-offs in primary hosts

2015

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West Nile virus (WNV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is the most geographically widespread arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the world and is found in multiple ecologically distinct settings. Despite the likelihood of frequent exposure to novel hosts, studies evaluating the capacity and correlates of host range expansions or shifts of WNV and other arboviruses are generally lacking. We utilized experimental evolution of WNV in an Amblyomma americanum tick cell line to model an invertebrate host shift and evaluate the adaptive potential of WNV outside of its primary transmission cycle. Our results demonstrate that highly significant gains in replicative ability in ixodid tick cells are attainable for WNV but are also associated with widespread genetic change and significant phenotypic costs in vitro. Decreased fitness in primary hosts could represent a barrier to frequent exploitation of hard ticks by WNV in nature.

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“…The first case of WNV was reported in the United States in the summer of 1999. Because of the wide flyways of host migratory birds, the geographic range of WNV has been dramatically expanding for the last 15 years, which makes it one of the most widely spread arboviruses [2]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection ofWest Nile virusin domestic pigeon in Korea

Kim

Song

et al. 2016

J Vet Sci

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that has spread throughout Europe and the United States. Recently, WNV spread to East and Southeast Asia, and great efforts have been made in South Korea to prevent the spread of WNV from neighboring countries. In this study, we diagnosed the first case of WNV in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) residing in cities using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed it with nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. This is the first report to provide convincing evidence that WNV is present within South Korea.

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Vector-Virus Interactions and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus

Cited by 126 publications

References 196 publications

Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45

Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45

West Nile virus adaptation to ixodid tick cells is associated with phenotypic trade-offs in primary hosts

First detection ofWest Nile virusin domestic pigeon in Korea

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