Abstract:In this paper, we consider a class of constrained vector optimization problems by using image space analysis. A class of vector-valued separation functions and a C-solution notion are proposed for the constrained vector optimization problems, respectively. Moreover, existence of a saddle point for the vector-valued separation function is characterized by the (regular) separation of two suitable subsets of the image space. By employing the separation function, we introduce a class of generalized vector-valued L… Show more
“…Definition 3.1. [13,10] The class of all functions w : R k+m × Π → R p such that (i) lev ≥ 0 w(•; π) ⊇ H for all π ∈ Π, (ii) π∈Π lev > 0 0 w(•; π) ⊆ H, is called the class of weak separation functions and it is denoted by W (Π).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(c) The nonlinear functions w 3 and w 4 can be proved to be weak separation functions by using similar argument as in [29]. (d) The vector-valued function w 5 can be proved to be weak separation function by using similar argument as in [10]. Remark 2.…”
<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We introduce the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution and optimistic <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution of uncertain multiobjective optimization problems (UMOP). By using image space analysis, robust optimality conditions as well as saddle point sufficient optimality conditions for uncertain multiobjective optimization problems are established based on real-valued linear (regular) weak separation function and real-valued (vector-valued) nonlinear (regular) weak separation functions. We also introduce two inclusion problems by using the image sets of robust counterpart of (UMOP) and establish the relations between the solution of the inclusion problems and the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution (respectively, optimistic <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution) of (UMOP).</p>
“…Definition 3.1. [13,10] The class of all functions w : R k+m × Π → R p such that (i) lev ≥ 0 w(•; π) ⊇ H for all π ∈ Π, (ii) π∈Π lev > 0 0 w(•; π) ⊆ H, is called the class of weak separation functions and it is denoted by W (Π).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(c) The nonlinear functions w 3 and w 4 can be proved to be weak separation functions by using similar argument as in [29]. (d) The vector-valued function w 5 can be proved to be weak separation function by using similar argument as in [10]. Remark 2.…”
<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We introduce the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution and optimistic <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution of uncertain multiobjective optimization problems (UMOP). By using image space analysis, robust optimality conditions as well as saddle point sufficient optimality conditions for uncertain multiobjective optimization problems are established based on real-valued linear (regular) weak separation function and real-valued (vector-valued) nonlinear (regular) weak separation functions. We also introduce two inclusion problems by using the image sets of robust counterpart of (UMOP) and establish the relations between the solution of the inclusion problems and the <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution (respectively, optimistic <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \mathcal{C} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-robust efficient solution) of (UMOP).</p>
Aims P-mobilising microbes may effectively increase soil P availability. These experiments investigated soil P mobilisation and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) P uptake in response to the wood-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris CQ2018. Methods F. palustris CQ2018 was incubated in liquid media and soil to study P mobilisation, and pepper plants with fungal inoculation were grown in a greenhouse experiment to observe the agronomic performances. Key results F. palustris CQ2018 secreted protons, organic acids, and phosphatase to convert AlPO4, Ca3(PO4)2, FePO4 and lecithin into soluble P in liquid culture and increased P availability in three soils with pH 5.53, 7.36 and 8.67. It grew in the roots or on the root surfaces, stimulated root growth, increased dehydrogenase activity in the roots, and solubilised water-insoluble P. Soil inoculated with F. palustris CQ2018 exhibited higher Olsen P and phosphatase activity than uninoculated soil, and there was a positive linear correlation between Olsen P and phosphatase activity (r = 0.788). F. palustris CQ2018 increased pepper P uptake and fruit yield in both unfertilised and fertilised soils even under the condition of reduced fertilisers. Fruit quality was also improved by the increase in P, potassium, and vitamin C but decrease in nitrate. Conclusions F. palustris CQ2018 can mobilise soil P and improve plant P uptake and fruit yield and quality in pepper. Implications F. palustris CQ2018 may be developed into a new, effective, and environmentally friendly biofertiliser. Its effect on different plants in various soils needs further study.
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