Vector Transmission of &lt;I&gt;Xylella fastidiosa&lt;/I&gt;: Applying Fundamental Knowledge to Generate Disease Management Strategies

Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Blua, Matthew J.; Lopes, João Roberto Spotti; Purcell, Alexander H.

doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0775:vtoxfa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 182 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In fact, Wistrom & Purcell (2005) tested different host plants for infection by the grapevine strain of X. fastidiosa infection, and demonstrated that sharpshooter vectors were more efficient than mechanical inoculation for infecting plants. Furthermore, insects probably inoculate small numbers of X. fastidiosa cells when compared to the pin-prick method of mechanical inoculation (Almeida et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the most effective and highest bacterial concentrations tested (10 8 or 10 9 CFU mL -1 ), the number of cells inoculated was around 10 5 or 10 6 cells per 5-μL drop of suspension. However, studies in grapevines suggest that few bacterial cells are required for X. fastidiosa inoculation by insects, since transmission to healthy plants can take place quickly after a 1-h AAP on a source plant, and only a limited number of cells is expected to colonize the foregut of vectors in such a short time period (Purcell & Finlay, 1979;Almeida et al, 2005). This substantial difference in the number of cells required for inoculation indicates that differences in the early colonization stage of insect-and mechanically-inoculated plants exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Prado

Lopes²,

Demétrio³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee stem atrophy (CSA) are important diseases in Brazil associated with closely-related strains of Xylella fastidiosa, but little is know about host overlapping and importance of citrus and coffee as inoculum sources of these strains. In this study, reciprocal-inoculation experiments were performed to determine if CVC and CSA isolates are biologically similar within citrus and coffee plants. These two hosts were mechanically inoculated with a CVC and a CSA isolate of X. fastidiosa at four concentrations ranging between10 3 and 10 9 colony forming units CFU mL -1 . At two, four and eight months after inoculation, the infection efficiency and bacterial populations of the isolates in each host were determined by culturing. The CVC isolate infected both citrus and coffee plants, but developed lower populations in coffee. The CSA isolate did not colonize citrus. Inoculation of coffee plants with the CVC isolate resulted in low rates of infection and required an inoculum concentration ten-fold higher than that necessary to obtain a similar (25%) rate of infection in citrus. The relatively low infection rates and bacterial numbers of the CVC isolate in coffee plants compared with those observed in citrus suggest that coffee is not a suitable host to serve as a source of inoculum of the CVC strain for primary spread to citrus or within coffee plantations. Key words: citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, inoculum concentration, bacterial population, epidemiology DIFERENÇAS EM COLONIZAÇÃO DO HOSPEDEIRO POR ISOLADOS DE Xylella fastidiosa DE CITROS E CAFEEIRO EM INOCULAÇÕES RECÍPROCASRESUMO: Clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) e atrofia dos ramos do cafeeiro (ARC) são doenças importantes no Brasil, associadas a estirpes de Xylella fastidiosa que são geneticamente próximas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito de plantas hospedeiras em comum e da importância de citros e cafeeiro como fontes de inóculo dessas estirpes. Neste estudo, realizaram-se experimentos de inoculação recíproca para determinar se isolados de X. fastidiosa de CVC e de ARC são biologicamente semelhantes em plantas de citros e café. Estes dois hospedeiros foram mecanicamente inoculados com um isolado de CVC e um isolado de ARC, em quatro concentrações que variaram de 10 3 a 10 9 unidades formadoras de colônias UFC mL -1 . Aos dois, quatro e oito meses após a inoculação, a eficiência de infecção e a população bacteriana dos isolados em cada hospedeiro foram determinadas por cultura. O isolado de CVC infectou tanto plantas de citros quanto de café, mas desenvolveu populações mais baixas em cafeeiro. O isolado de ARC não colonizou citros. A inoculação de plantas de café com o isolado de CVC resultou em baixas taxas de infecção e exigiu uma concentração de inóculo dez vezes mais alta que a necessária para obter uma taxa de infecção semelhante (25%) em citros. A reduzida taxa de infecção e a baixa população bacteriana do isolado de CVC em cafeeiro em relação a citros sugerem que cafeeiro não é um hospe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Prado

Lopes²,

Demétrio³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…A third group of xylem sap-sucking insects, cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae), has been reported as a vector of X. fastidiosa (Paião et al 2002;Krell et al 2007), although more work is necessary to determine the contribution of this group to overall epidemiology and transmission dynamics. An important aspect associated with the transmission of X. fastidiosa is the lack of pathogen genotype and vector species specificity (Almeida et al 2005). Frazier (1965) summarized the current state of knowledge at the time by concluding that all sharpshooter leafhoppers should be considered vectors of the Pierce's disease etiological agent until proven otherwise.…”

Section: Vector Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frazier (1965) summarized the current state of knowledge at the time by concluding that all sharpshooter leafhoppers should be considered vectors of the Pierce's disease etiological agent until proven otherwise. The addition of various pathogen genotypes to this statement occurred later, after the advent of molecular tools that eventually allowed the split of the species into subspecies, when various studies showed that all tested vector species were capable of transmitting various X. fastidiosa genotypes (Almeida et al 2005). The best example was the demonstration that a North American vector species transmitted a South American isolate to plants (Damsteegt et al 2006).…”

Section: Vector Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Retchless

Labroussaa

Shapiro

et al. 2014

Genomics of Plant-Associated Bacteria

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“…Vector transmission of X. fastidiosa, the only means by which this bacterium naturally spreads, is dependent on xylem sap-sucking insects including sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Transmission occurs in a non-circulative yet propagative manner [3]. There is no specific relationship between X. fastidiosa genotype and vector species, and vector transmission efficiency is dependent on plant-insect-pathogen interactions [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chitinase is required for Xylella fastidiosa colonization of its insect and plant hosts

et al. 2017

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Xylella fastidiosa colonizes the xylem network of host plant species as well as the foregut of its required insect vectors to ensure efficient propagation. Disease management strategies remain inefficient due to a limited comprehension of the mechanisms governing both insect and plant colonization. It was previously shown that X. fastidiosa has a functional chitinase (ChiA), and that chitin likely serves as a carbon source for this bacterium. We expand on that research, showing that a chiA mutant strain is unable to grow on chitin as the sole carbon source. Quantitative PCR assays allowed us to detect bacterial cells in the foregut of vectors after pathogen acquisition; populations of the wild-type and complemented mutant strain were both significantly larger than the chiA mutant strain 10 days, but not 3 days, post acquisition. These results indicate that adhesion of the chiA mutant strain to vectors may not be impaired, but that cell multiplication is limited. The mutant was also affected in its transmission by vectors to plants. In addition, the chiA mutant strain was unable to colonize host plants, suggesting that the enzyme has other substrates associated with plant colonization. Lastly, ChiA requires other X. fastidiosa protein(s) for its in vitro chitinolytic activity. The observation that the chiA mutant strain is not able to colonize plants warrants future attention to be paid to the substrates for this enzyme.

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Vector Transmission of <I>Xylella fastidiosa</I>: Applying Fundamental Knowledge to Generate Disease Management Strategies

Cited by 182 publications

References 62 publications

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

A chitinase is required for Xylella fastidiosa colonization of its insect and plant hosts

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