Vector Sensor Arrays in Underwater Acoustic Applications

Santos, Paulo; Felisberto, Paulo; Jesus, S. M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11628-5_34

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As such, the triaxial system tested here showed a worst case systematic source direction error of 1.74 • and is significant in the context of the 0.03 • axis misalignment resolution alluded to above. A better estimate is to replace the basis vectors in (18) with the generalized vector u from (9), excluding the factor 2. Figure 9 shows the pointing accuracy over 4π solid angle for the No Tilt response matrix using this format; here the maximum was found to be 1.29° and is comparable to our estimate of 1.74° above.…”

Section: Pointing Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a method to measure the vector fidelity of triaxial vector sensors

Freitas

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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A method to measure the misalignment angles and vector fidelity of a mutually orthogonal arrangement of triaxial accelerometers has been validated by introducing known misalignments into the measurement procedure. The method is based on the excitation of all three accelerometers in equal measure and the determination of the second order responsivity tensor M as a metric. The sensor axis misalignment angles measured using a sensor rotation technique as a reference were 1.49° ± 0.05°, 0.63° ± 0.02°, and 0.78° ± 0.04°. The resolution of the new approach against the reference was 0.03° with an accuracy of 0.2° and maximum deviation of 0.4°. An ellipticity tensor β that characterises the extent to which a triaxial system preserves the input polarisation state purity was introduced. In a careful laboratory arrangement, up to 98% input polarisation state purity was shown to be maintained. It is recommended that documentation on commercial and research grade high-precision triaxial sensor systems should give the responsivity matrix M. This technique will improve the range of vector fidelity measurement tools for triaxial accelerometers and other vector sensors such as magnetometers, gyroscopes and acoustic vector sensors.

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Section: Pointing Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a method to measure the vector fidelity of triaxial vector sensors

Freitas

2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Given their multichannel nature, vector sensors are used in a variety of applications. Examples include sonar, source localization, angle of arrival estimation, beamforming, and communication [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The advantages of using a vector sensor for the estimation of the direction of arrival are investigated in [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include sonar, source localization, angle of arrival estimation, beamforming, and communication [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The advantages of using a vector sensor for the estimation of the direction of arrival are investigated in [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Analytical results of [ 4 ], obtained based on maximizing the directivity index, indicate that the acoustic vector component channels of vector sensors should be utilized for optimal detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Acoustic Signal Acquisition and Sensing Using a Ring Vector Sensor Communication Receiver: Theory and Experiments

Rashid

Zhang

Abdi

2023

Sensors

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Signal acquisition and sensing in underwater systems and applications is typically a challenging issue due to the small signal strength within the background noise. Here, we present a ring vector sensor communication receiver that can significantly improve signal acquisition, by utilizing the underwater acoustic vector field components, compared to the scalar component. The vector sensor receiver is a multichannel receiver that measures particle velocities, which are vector components of the underwater acoustic field, in addition to the scalar field component. According to the combination of our measured experimental data with our signal acquisition performance analysis, the introduced ring vector sensor receiver exhibits higher signal acquisition probabilities for the vector components compared to the scalar component. This can be attributed to certain characteristics of the vector field components. Another advantage of this multichannel receiver is that combining all of its channels can further increase the signal acquisition and packet detection probability in underwater communication systems compared to a single-channel approach.

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“…Vector sensors measure both acoustic particle velocity and pressure amplitude and thus measure the direction of the incoming acoustic wave without constructing large hydrophone arrays. Applying vector sensors to towed line arrays thus provides the discrimination between left and right [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturized acoustic vector sensor with PIN-PMN-PT single crystal cantilever beam accelerometers

Cho

Jeong

2020

Acta Acust.

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Directional sound detection using vector sensors rather than large hydrophone arrays is highly advantageous for target detection in SONAR. However, developing highly sensitive and compact vector sensors for use in a system whose size is limited has been a challenging issue. In this paper, we describe a miniaturized acoustic vector sensor with piezoelectric single crystal accelerometers for the application in towed line arrays. A mass-loaded cantilever beam accelerometer with a [011] poled PIN-PMN-PT single crystal shows a better signal-to-noise ratio compared to accelerometers with other piezoelectric materials because of its superior piezoelectric properties in the 32 direction. We suggested a sufficiently compact vector sensor by using a cylindrical hydrophone with 10 mm in diameter as a housing of the single crystal accelerometers. Two single crystal accelerometers were orthogonally mounted inside the cylindrical hydrophone to detect direction of sound in the transverse plane of the line array. The receiving voltage sensitivity of the accelerometers and hydrophone was −199 and −196 dB, respectively, at 3 kHz. The directional cardioid beams generated by summing the omnidirectional beam from the hydrophone and the dipole beam from the accelerometers were validated over the entire operating frequency.

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Vector Sensor Arrays in Underwater Acoustic Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Validation of a method to measure the vector fidelity of triaxial vector sensors

Validation of a method to measure the vector fidelity of triaxial vector sensors

Underwater Acoustic Signal Acquisition and Sensing Using a Ring Vector Sensor Communication Receiver: Theory and Experiments

A miniaturized acoustic vector sensor with PIN-PMN-PT single crystal cantilever beam accelerometers

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