Vector representations of human strength in whole body exertion

Pheasant, Stephen; Grieve, D.W.; Rubin, Tony; Thompson, Sue

doi:10.1016/0003-6870(82)90235-6

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pheasant et al (1982) found that peak force vectors occurred in a lift-push condition, primarily at the 100 cm and 175 cm handle heights, where force was exerted approximately along a line between the hands and feet. Fothergill et al (1991) proposed that these postures primarily employed lower extremity muscle groups.…”

Section: Manual Force Strengthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling

Chow

Dickerson

2015

Ergonomics

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Pushing and pulling are common occupational exertions that are increasingly associated with musculoskeletal complaints. This study focuses on the sensitivity of shoulder capacity to gender, handle height, exertion type (push or pull) and handle orientation for these tasks. All factors except for handle orientation influenced unilateral and total manual force strength (p < 0.01), with exertion type being the most influential. Interaction effects also existed between handle height and exertion type. Additionally, joint moments at the shoulders and low back were influenced by all factors studied (p < 0.01), with exertion type again being most influential. Knowledge of the relative influence of multiple factors on shoulder capacity can provide guidance regarding these factors when designing or evaluating occupational pushing and pulling tasks for a diverse population. Practitioner Summary: pushing and pulling comprise nearly half of all manual materials handling tasks. Practitioners often assess, design or modify these tasks while incorporating constraints, including manual force direction and handle interface. This study provides guidance to aid design of pushing and pulling tasks in the context of shoulder physical capacity.

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Section: Manual Force Strengthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling

Chow

Dickerson

2015

Ergonomics

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“…The relation between L min and the acceleration a was linear as shown in equation (14). The experimental result revealed that the walker accelerated more and decelerated more during steep downhill movement than during movement of other slope angles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…It was also lengthened with the heavier m w especially during uphill movement. Regardless of m w , the shortest length of L min was 0.08 m at , but it depended on the acceleration of walker movement a as shown in equation (14). The acceleration phase of a>0 was critical because L min was lengthened.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis for Minimal Wheelbase Length of Four-wheeled Walker for Prevention of Tipping on Sloped Surfaces

Takanokura¹

2014

J Ergonomics

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A minimal wheelbase length of a four-wheeled walker was analyzed for prevention of tipping on slopes surfaces by a theoretical analysis of a two-dimensional mechanical model in a sagittal plane. The minimal wheelbase length was obtained from the lower limit of the safety condition derived from the mechanical model. It depended on some design and environmental factors. The normal force applied at the handgrip and the acceleration of walker movement were human factors for ergonomic design of the four-wheeled walker. They were measured by force transducers and acceleration sensors with the use of a commercial walker for validation of the mechanical model. The subjects were ten aged males and ten aged females. The minimal wheelbase length was lengthened with a weaker normal force applied at the handgrip during uphill movement. However, it was shortened during downhill movement. Female subjects should use a walker with a longer wheelbase because they produced a weaker normal force at the handgrip than male subjects. The walker accelerated more and decelerated more on the downhill, but a longer wheelbase was not obtained by a larger acceleration during steeper downhill movement. The higher handgrip led to a longer wheelbase obviously, and the mass of the walker was not a critical design factor. The minimal wheelbase length should be longer on a high friction road, but it was not easy for users to handle the walker. The minimal wheelbase length was shorter than the actual wheelbase length of the commercial walkers. Many commercial walkers were designed that their handgrip was positioned near the rear wheels. This arrangement was a valid design from an ergonomic point of view because it maintained a margin of walker stability for prevention of tipping.

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“…Previous studies of push and pull tasks performed in unconstrained environments where bracing is not available have documented the effect of variables such as body weight, height of force application, distance between body and point of force application, coefficient of friction (CoF) between floor and footwear, and volitional postures on the mechanical loading of the low back and shoulders (Grieve and Pheasant 1981;Pheasant et al 1982;Chaffin, Andres, and Garg 1983;de Looze et al 2000;Hoozemans et al 2004;Granata and Bennett 2005;Boocock et al 2006). Numerous studies have also found that the exertion handle location at which push -pull forces were applied has a significant effect on maximum hand force capability (Martin and Chaffin 1972;Ayoub and McDaniel 1974;Chaffin, Andres, and Garg 1983;Kumar 1991;Gagnon, Beaugrand, and Authier 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bracing availability on one-hand isometric force exertion capability

2013

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Vector representations of human strength in whole body exertion

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling

Determinants and magnitudes of manual force strengths and joint moments during two-handed standing maximal horizontal pushing and pulling

Analysis for Minimal Wheelbase Length of Four-wheeled Walker for Prevention of Tipping on Sloped Surfaces

The effect of bracing availability on one-hand isometric force exertion capability

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