Vector microbiota and immunity: modulating arthropod susceptibility to vertebrate pathogens

Caragata, Eric P.; Short, Sarah M.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2022.100875

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Host associated microbes play a crucial role in the physiology, diseases, and immunity of their host. In mosquitoes, gut associated microbes profoundly affect their host and these altered phenotypes influence vectoral capacity and vector competence (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Bacteria are abundant constituents of the gut microbiome of mosquitoes (7)(8)(9)(10), however metagenomic studies have also found bacteriophage associated with these vectors (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and it would be reasonable to expect interplay between these microbes given their co-ocurance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Hegde

Hughes

Shariat

2023

Preprint

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The microbiome profoundly influences many traits in medically relevant vectors such as mosquitoes, and a greater functional understanding of host-microbe interactions may be exploited for novel microbial-based approaches to control mosquito-borne disease. Here, we characterized two CRISPR-Cas systems in a novel bacterium, Serratia Sp. Ag1, that was isolated from the gut of an Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Two distinct CRISPR-Cas systems were identified in Serratia Ag1, CRISPR1 and CRISPR2. Based on cas gene composition, CRISPR1 is classified as a Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system and has a single array, CRISPR1. CRISPR2 is a Type I-F system with two arrays, CRISPR2.1 and CRISPR2.2. RT-PCR analyses show that all cas genes from both systems are expressed during logarithmic growth in culture media. The direct repeat sequence of CRISPRs 2.1 and 2.2 are identical and found in the arrays of other Serratia spp, including S. marcescens and S. fonticola, whereas CRISPR1 was not. We searched for potential spacer targets and revealed an interesting difference between the two systems: only 9% of CRISPR1 (Type I-E) targets are in phage sequences and 91% are in plasmid sequences. Conversely, ~66% of CRISPR2 (Type I-F), targets are found within phage genomes. Our results highlight the presence of CRISPR loci in gut-associated bacteria of mosquitoes and indicate interplay between symbionts and invasive mobile genetic elements over evolutionary time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Hegde

Hughes

Shariat

2023

Preprint

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“…Host-associated microbes play a crucial role in the physiology, diseases and immunity of their host. In mosquitoes, gut-associated microbes profoundly affect their host and these altered phenotypes influence vectoral capacity and vector competence [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Bacteria are abundant constituents of the gut microbiome of mosquitoes [7][8][9][10], but metagenomic studies have also found bacteriophage associated with these vectors [8][9][10][11][12], and it would be reasonable to expect interplay between these microbes, given their co-occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR/Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Hegde

Hughes

Shariat

2023

Access Microbiology

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The microbiome profoundly influences many traits in medically relevant vectors such as mosquitoes, and a greater functional understanding of host–microbe interactions may be exploited for novel microbial-based approaches to control mosquito-borne disease. Here, we characterized two novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems in Serratia sp. Ag1, which was isolated from the gut of an Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Two distinct CRISPR/Cas systems were identified in Serratia Ag1, CRISPR1 and CRISPR2. Based on cas gene composition, CRISPR1 is classified as a type I-E CRISPR/Cas system and has a single array, CRISPR1. CRISPR2 is a type I-F system with two arrays, CRISPR2.1 and CRISPR2.2. RT-PCR analyses show that all cas genes from both systems are expressed during logarithmic growth in culture media. The direct repeat sequences of CRISPRs 2.1 and 2.2 are identical and found in the arrays of other Serratia spp., including S. marcescens and S. fonticola , whereas CRISPR1 is not. We searched for potential spacer targets and revealed an interesting difference between the two systems: only 9 % of CRISPR1 (type I-E) targets are in phage sequences and 91 % are in plasmid sequences. Conversely, ~66 % of CRISPR2 (type I-F) targets are found within phage genomes. Our results highlight the presence of CRISPR loci in gut-associated bacteria of mosquitoes and indicate interplay between symbionts and invasive mobile genetic elements over evolutionary time.

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“…The tick microbiota is influenced by a number of factors, including tick species, developmental stage, blood meal status and environmental factors 4–6 . The microbiota plays an important role in the physiology and vector competence of ticks 7–12 . For example, the symbiotic bacteria Coxiella , Francisella and Rickettsia can act as suppliers of B vitamins, as these are deficient in host blood meals 13–19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Coxiella is involved in regulating the blood‐feeding capacity of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis 20 . Several studies have found that changes in tick microbiota also are associated with tick‐borne pathogen colonization and transmission 8–10,12,21 . Therefore, manipulation of the tick microbiota could represent a new tick control strategy, as administration of antimicrobial agents or antibiotics to animals before or after tick bites can disrupt the tick's microbiota and reduce the damage from the tick.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] The microbiota plays an important role in the physiology and vector competence of ticks. [7][8][9][10][11][12] For example, the symbiotic bacteria Coxiella, Francisella and Rickettsia can act as suppliers of B vitamins, as these are deficient in host blood meals. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Additionally, Coxiella is involved in regulating the blood-feeding capacity of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetracycline inhibits tick host reproduction by modulating bacterial microbiota, gene expression and metabolism levels

Zhang,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDTicks are disease vectors that are a matter of worldwide concern. Antibiotic treatments have been used to explore the interactions between ticks and their symbiotic microorganisms. In addition to altering the host microbial community, antibiotics can have toxic effects on the host.RESULTSIn the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, engorged females showed reproductive disruption after microinjection of tetracycline. Multi‐omics approaches were implemented to unravel the mechanisms of tick reproductive inhibition in this study. There were no significant changes in bacterial density in the whole ticks on Day (D)2 or D4 after tetracycline treatment, whereas the bacterial microbial community was significantly altered, especially on D4. The relative abundances of the bacteria Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas decreased after tetracycline treatment, whereas the relative abundances of Coxiella and Rhodococcus increased. Ovarian transcriptional analysis revealed a cumulative effect of tetracycline treatment, as there was a significant increase in the number of differentially expressed genes with treatment time and a higher number of downregulated genes. The tick physiological pathways including lysosome, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoids‐quinones, insect hormone biosynthesis, and focal adhesion were significantly inhibited after 4 days of tetracycline treatment. Metabolite levels were altered after tetracycline treatment and the differences increased with treatment time. The differential metabolites were involved in a variety of physiological pathways; the downregulated metabolites were significantly enriched in the nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, galactose metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism pathways.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that tetracycline inhibits tick reproduction through the regulation of tick bacterial communities, gene expression and metabolic levels. The results may provide new strategies for tick control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Vector microbiota and immunity: modulating arthropod susceptibility to vertebrate pathogens

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Identification and characterization of two CRISPR/Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome

Tetracycline inhibits tick host reproduction by modulating bacterial microbiota, gene expression and metabolism levels

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