Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Imo, Moses; Timmer, V. R.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-29-4-474

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…6a and b), suggesting that N fertilization alone is not a suitable silvicultural treatment. In addition, when understory is not removed, the majority of the applied N may be taken up by the understory vegetation, promoting understory vegetation growth and causing further competition for N and moisture (Chang et al, 1996b;Imo and Timmer, 1999).…”

Section: Vector Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector analysis of understory competition, N fertilization, and litter layer removal effects on white spruce growth and nutrition in a 13-year-old plantation

Matsushima

Chang

2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Vector Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector analysis of understory competition, N fertilization, and litter layer removal effects on white spruce growth and nutrition in a 13-year-old plantation

Matsushima

Chang

2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Irwin et al (1998), for example, reported positive post-outplanting growth responses for the fall fertilization of slash pine seedlings on five operational planting sites and Imo and Timmer (1999) found that the post-outplanting growth of nutrient loaded black spruce seedlings was superior to that of unloaded seedlings under a variety of vegetation control treatments on several planting sites. Fall fertilization of Douglas-fir seedlings resulted in increased internal translocation of N from old to new tissue resulting in increased post outplanting performance (van den Driessche, 1985).…”

Section: Seedling Development Post-outplantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seedlings are lifted and outplanted from December through early March in the Southeastern U.S. Winter fertilization in the nursery may provide seedlings with additional amounts of N right before lifting. This may be a way for seedlings to carry fertilizer with them to the field so that it is unavailable to competing vegetation (Imo and Timmer, 1999;Margolis and Waring, 1986b) yet result in superior outplanting performance. It is not clear, however, if seedlings are physiologically active enough to absorb winter fertilizer N, and if so, what would be the response to this additional fertility both in terms of seedling morphology and outplanting performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter nitrogen fertilization of loblolly pine seedlings

VanderSchaaf

McNabb

2004

Plant Soil

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were nitrogen fertilized during winter in a bare root forest tree nursery located in the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Total application rates were 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg/N/ha applied in split applications 4 weeks apart in January and February. Seedlings were lifted and outplanted in March, 4 weeks after the second fertilization and measured at 3 and 6 months after outplanting. No seedling morphological differences were encountered at the time of lifting and outplanting although seedling shoot nitrogen content was 28% greater in the highest fertilization treatment compared to the check. Shoot nitrogen concentrations fell after outplanting regardless of treatment, decreasing from an average of 1.51% across all treatments at the time of planting to 0.64% at 6 months after planting. When measured at 6 months after outplanting, seedling dry weight and height growth after planting was shown to increase by 12% and 24%, respectively, for the high nitrogen treatment. This and other studies across a variety of sites have found positive post-outplanting seedling growth response after nutrient loading in the nursery.

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“…In this model, tree-weed or tree-crop interactions are evaluated in a bivariate model depicting vectors of changing biomass and nutrient uptake relative to competition-free status, while interpretation of the mechanisms involved are based on vector nutrient diagnosis (Haase and Rose 1995;Timmer 1991). A similar approach has been used to study competition for nutrients and moisture between Pinus radiata trees and pasture in an agroforestry situation in New Zealand (Mead and Mansur 1993), screen alternative vegetation management strategies in forest plantations (Imo and Timmer 1999), and tree-crop interactions in alley cropping systems (Imo and Timmer 2000). The advantage of this graphical diagnostic approach is that vector patterns simplify interpretation of treatment responses, facilitate multiple site and treatment comparisons, and identify possible mechanisms associated with observed crop responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions amongst trees and crops in taungya systems of western Kenya

Imo

2008

Agroforest Syst

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Lack of empirical data on the effects of the taungya system on establishment and early growth of softwood plantations have partly contributed to controversial decisions regarding the continued suitability of the system for plantation establishment in Kenya. This study examined effectiveness of taungya systems of forest plantation establishment using Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula trees with Zea mays (maize) as a test intercrop on two contrasting site types (deep and shallow soils) in Mt. Elgon forest, western Kenya . Four treatments were evaluated in each site: trees with or without weed control, trees intercropped with maize, and sole maize. Results showed that tree survival, growth and nutrient uptake, and maize growth and yield were higher in the deep soil site than the shallow site. The taungya system improved tree survival and growth, effects being greater in the deep than the shallow soil site. Both Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula trees had the same effects on maize growth and yield, reducing maize growth by 41-48% in the deep soil sites, and by 16-26% in the shallow site. Vector nutrient analysis and vector competition analysis of the treatment effects on growth and nutrient uptake of the trees and the maize crop suggested competition for N on the deep soils, but competition for K and P on the shallow soils. The study has demonstrated the applicability of graphical vector competition analysis in diagnosing tree-crop interactions in agroforestry.

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Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Vector analysis of understory competition, N fertilization, and litter layer removal effects on white spruce growth and nutrition in a 13-year-old plantation

Vector analysis of understory competition, N fertilization, and litter layer removal effects on white spruce growth and nutrition in a 13-year-old plantation

Winter nitrogen fertilization of loblolly pine seedlings

Interactions amongst trees and crops in taungya systems of western Kenya

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