Vector competence of Simulium oyapockense s.l. and S. incrustatum for Onchocerca volvulus: Implications for ivermectin-based control in the Amazonian focus of human onchocerciasis, a multi-vector–host system

Parasitic Aortitis due to Onchocerca armillata in Slaughtered Cattle in the Southeastern Region of Turkey

“…Use of antihelmentic drugs and pesticides decreased the presence of Onchocerca spp. in the both vectors and hosts [13] . In this study, 43 (10.75%) of 400 animals from four different Recent studies showed Onchocercosis have still seen in different parts of the world [11,13,14,17] .…”

“…in the both vectors and hosts [13] . In this study, 43 (10.75%) of 400 animals from four different Recent studies showed Onchocercosis have still seen in different parts of the world [11,13,14,17] . Alibasoglu et al [1] reported that onchocercosis was seen in the southeastern provinces of Turkey in cattle, was not seen in western Anatolia provinces, and it was concluded that the disease was seen in tropical climates.…”

“…Aneurysms can be observed in very old animals due to calcified nodules [1,15,17] . In recent years, antiparasitic disenfestation decreased the frequency of the onchocercosis [13] .…”

“…Onchocerca armillata is mostly observed in the south of the Asian regions and African continent closer to the equator [8][9][10] . In recent years, onchocercosis was also reported in the Tanzania [11] , Cameroon [12] , Venezuela [13] and in the Greece [14] . Onchocerca spp.…”

“…The life cycle and vectors of the Onchocerca armillata are unknown. However, black flies and mosquitoes are thought to be vectors [12][13][14] . Onchocercosis often do not show any significant clinical symptoms.…”