Vasospasm, its Role in the Pathogenesis of Diseases with Particular Reference to the Eye

Flammer, Josef; Pache, Mona; Resink, Thérèse J.

doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00028-8

Cited by 353 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…The phenotype of FS is already suggestive of protective factors against atherosclerosis: People with FS tend to be more physically active and slimmer than patients with atherosclerosis particularly with metabolic syndrome [99]. As an overall principle underlying FS, an increased sensitivity to emotional or physical stress emerges as trigger of varying blood perfusion with transient malsupply [100]. This, in turn, causes oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function [101].…”

Section: Endothelial Dysregulation In Flammer Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of individuals with FS may be clinically relevant as systemic vascular dysregulation has been associated with several ocular diseases [102], including glaucoma [103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], central serous chorioretinopathy [111], and central retinal vein occlusion. The role of the endothelium as major pathomechanistic red line connects many dots that outline a sketch of FS.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysregulation In Flammer Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

et al. 2017

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The endothelium has increasingly been recognized as a smart barrier and a key regulator of blood flow in microand macrovascular beds. Endothelial dysfunction marks a stage of atherosclerosis and is an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. Yet, some people who tend to be slim and physically active and with rather low blood pressure show a propensity to respond to certain stimuli such as emotional stress with endothelial-mediated vascular dysregulation (Flammer syndrome). This leads to characteristic vascular symptoms such as cold hands but also a risk for vascularmediated diseases such as normal-tension glaucoma. It is the aim of this review to delineate the differences between Flammer syndrome and its Bcounterpart^endothelial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Endothelial Dysregulation In Flammer Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endothelial Dysregulation In Flammer Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

et al. 2017

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“…Nevertheless, conclusive interpretation can be drawn with respect to subjects showing the combination of VS and DIS. Subjects with VS represent a part of the general population (mostly women before menopause) with a diathesis of responding with spasm, in particular in the distal extremities (hands, feet) to stimuli like cold or emotional stress (24). The VS is a similar but weaker form of Raynaud's disease (the classical symptom of Raynaud's phenomenon, the triphasic color changes of the digits of the hands and feet from white to blue to red, is not necessary for its definition).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronobiological characterization of women with primary vasospastic syndrome: body heat loss capacity in relation to sleep initiation and phase of entrainment

Vollenweider

Wirz‐Justice²,

Orgül³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Women with primary vasospastic syndrome (VS), but otherwise healthy, exhibit a functional disorder of vascular regulation (main symptom: cold extremities) and often suffer from difficulties initiating sleep (DIS). Diverse studies have shown a close association between distal vasodilatation before lights off and a rapid onset of sleep. Therefore, we hypothesized that DIS in women with VS could be due to a reduced heat loss capacity in the evening, i.e., subjects are physiologically not ready for sleep. The aim of the study was to elucidate whether women having both VS and DIS (WVD) or not (controls) show different circadian characteristics (e.g., phase delay of the circadian thermoregulatory system with respect to the sleep-wake cycle). Healthy young women ( n = 9 WVD and n = 9 control) completed a 40-h constant routine protocol (adjusted to habitual bedtime) before and after an 8-h sleep episode. Skin temperatures [off-line calculated as distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG)] and core body temperature (CBT; rectal) were continuously recorded. Half-hourly saliva samples were collected for melatonin assay and subjective sleepiness was assessed on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Compared with control, WVD showed no differences in habitual bed times, but a 1-h circadian phase delay of dim light-melatonin onset (hours after lights on: WVD 14.6 ± 0.3 h; control 13.5 ± 0.2 h; P = 0.01). Similar phase shifts were observed in CBT, DPG, and KSS ratings. In conclusion, WVD exhibit a phase delay of the endogenous circadian system with respect to their habitual sleep-wake cycle, which could be a cause of DIS.

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“…One of the clinical signs for the vascular impact of glaucoma is the presence of vasospasm. Not to be mistaken for Raynaud syndrome, patients with symptoms of cold hands, sometimes cold feet and a tendency towards low blood pressure should be investigated as whether they have primary vasodysregulation syndrome (Flammer, 2001). The vasospastic prototype patient has a low body mass index, is frequently intellectual and is a (premenopausal) female (Prunte-Glowazki, 1991) (Harada, 1991) (Flammer, 2006).…”

Section: A Sick Eye In a Sick Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have different sensitivities to medications, such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. In such patients, the desired pharmacological effect may be achieved by a lower dosage of such drugs (Flammer, 2001). Patients presenting with this inborn dysfunction of vascular endothelium have inappropriate constriction or insufficient dilatation in the microcirculation (Flammer, 1996).…”

Section: A Sick Eye In a Sick Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vascular Approach to Glaucoma

Pinto¹,

Stalmans²

2011

Glaucoma - Basic and Clinical Concepts

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Vasospasm, its Role in the Pathogenesis of Diseases with Particular Reference to the Eye

Cited by 353 publications

References 214 publications

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

Chronobiological characterization of women with primary vasospastic syndrome: body heat loss capacity in relation to sleep initiation and phase of entrainment

A Vascular Approach to Glaucoma

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