Vasopressin induces a luteinizing hormone surge in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Palm, I.F.; Beek, Eline M. van der; Wiegant, V.M.; Buijs, R.M.; Kalsbeek, Andries

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00106-2

Cited by 134 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Interestingly, NMU mRNA has been detected in neurons of the SCN expressing arginine vasopressin (AVP), with a coincident rhythm of expression (14). Of note, AVP has been proposed as the primary efferent signal from the SCN involved in the generation of the LH surge by projecting to the hypothalamic-anteroventral-periventricular nucleus (AVPV) (1,35). It is therefore possible, although yet to be proved, that NMU might contribute in such a pathway (AVP/NMU neurons from SCN) to the cyclic regulation of LH secretion in the female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel role of the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U in the control of LH secretion and its regulation by gonadal hormones and photoperiod

Vigo

Roa²,

Pineda³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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E, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Novel role of the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U in the control of LH secretion and its regulation by gonadal hormones and photoperiod. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1265-E1273, 2007. First published August 28, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00425.2007.-Neuromedin U (NMU) is a widely spread neuropeptide, with predominant expression at the gastrointestinal tract and brain, putatively involved in the regulation of a diversity of biological functions, including food intake, energy balance and circadian rhythms; all closely related to reproduction. Yet, the implication of NMU in the control of the gonadotropic axis remains scarcely studied. We report herein analyses on the hypothalamic expression and function of NMU in different physiological and experimental states of the rat reproductive system. Expression of NMU mRNA at the hypothalamus was persistently detected along female postnatal development, with maximum levels in adulthood that fluctuated across the cycle and were modulated by ovarian steroids. Acute central administration of NMU evoked increases of serum LH levels in pubertal female rats, while repeated injection of NMU tended to advance vaginal opening. Likewise, central injection of NMU increased serum LH concentrations in cycling female rats, with peak responses in estrus. In contrast, NMU significantly inhibited preelevated LH secretion in gonadectomized and kisspeptin-treated rats. Finally, in noncycling females due to photoperiodic manipulation (constant light), hypothalamic NMU mRNA levels were markedly depressed, but relative LH responses to exogenous NMU were significantly augmented. All together, our present data support a predominant stimulatory role of NMU in the control of the female gonadotropic axis, which appears under the influence of developmental, hormonal, and photoperiodic cues, and might contribute to the joint regulation of energy balance, biological rhythms, and reproduction. neuromedin S; luteinizing hormone; estrous cycle; estrogen; progesterone; puberty; photoperiod; suprachiasmatic nucleus; rat NEUROMEDIN U (NMU) was originally identified in the porcine spinal cord (26), and later demonstrated as a highly conserved neuropeptide found in a diversity of species, including mammals, amphibians and birds (3). Distribution of NMU has been reported as relatively ubiquitous, with prominent expression in the gastrointestinal tract, pituitary and hypothalamus; the latter including the dorsomedial, arcuate (ARC) and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei (2, 3, 15). The biological actions of NMU are conducted through interaction with two different G proteincoupled receptors: FM-3/GPR66, also known as NMU receptor type-1 (NMU1R), and FM4/TGR-1 or NMU receptor type 2 (NMU2R) (12,18,19,23,39,40). Interestingly, NMU1R and NMU2R show rather distinct patterns of distribution: NMU1R is expressed in a variety of peripheral tissues, such as intestine, testis, pancreas, uterus, lung, and kidney, whereas NMU2R is selectively detected in discrete brain areas such as the parav...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel role of the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U in the control of LH secretion and its regulation by gonadal hormones and photoperiod

Vigo

Roa²,

Pineda³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Vasopressin administration into the MPOA induces an LH surge in SCN-lesioned, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (Palm et al, 2001a, b). Electrical stimulation of the MPOA and VP administration into the MPOA induces an LH surge in SCN-lesioned rats (Palm et al, 1999). Finally, in co-cultures of POA and SCN tissue, the rhythm of GnRH release is in phase with the rhythm of VP release, but not with that of VIP (Funabashi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Neural Scn Output and Estrus Regulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Kriegsfeld

Silver

2006

Hormones and Behavior

129

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Hormone secretion is highly organized temporally, achieving optimal biological functioning and health. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates the timing of circadian rhythms, including daily control of hormone secretion. In the brain, the SCN drives hormone secretion. In some instances, SCN neurons make direct synaptic connections with neurosecretory neurons. In other instances, SCN signals set the phase of "clock genes" that regulate circadian function at the cellular level within neurosecretory cells. The protein products of these clock genes can also exert direct transcriptional control over neuroendocrine releasing factors. Clock genes and proteins are also expressed in peripheral endocrine organs providing additional modes of temporal control. Finally, the SCN signals endocrine glands via the autonomic nervous system, allowing for rapid regulation via multisynaptic pathways. Thus, the circadian system achieves temporal regulation of endocrine function by a combination of genetic, cellular, and neural regulatory mechanisms to ensure that each response occurs in its correct temporal niche. The availability of tools to assess the phase of molecular/cellular clocks and of powerful tract tracing methods to assess connections between "clock cells" and their targets provides an opportunity to examine circadian-controlled aspects of neurosecretion, in the search for general principles by which the endocrine system is organized. KeywordsCircadian; Diurnal; Endocrinel; Neurosecretion; Clock genes; Suprachiasmatic Circadian aspects of reproductionThe importance of circadian (about a day) timing in hormone production/secretion has been known since the 1950s when Everett and Sawyer determined that a stimulatory signal occurring during a narrow temporal window on the afternoon of proestrus is necessary for induction of ovulation later that night (Everett and Sawyer, 1950). Such close temporal organization is important for successful reproduction, as numerous hormone-dependent behavioral and physiological processes must be coordinated. If optimal temporal relationships are disrupted, pronounced deficits in fertility can result. For example, ovulation, behavioral estrus, fertilization, and pregnancy maintenance require a specific

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“…There are indeed human data which indicate that sex hormones have effects on mood [18, 22, 48, 49], sleep [19, 20]and heat balance [21, 50]. The temperature effects are believed to be mediated by the temperature- and sex hormone-sensitive hypothalamic neurons of the anterior preoptic area [51], an area which is known to be under direct control of the SCN [2, 6, 52]. In turn, the human SCN has recently been shown to be a crucial brain site in the regulation of body temperature [3, 9]and sleep [9], and has been implicated in the regulation of mood [4, 11, 12, 53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body temperature, sleep and well-being, including the psychosexual aspects of mood, are also known to fluctuate during the menstrual cycle [54, 55, 56]. The presence of sex hormone receptors in the neurons of the human SCN may, therefore, not only be of importance for the sexually dimorphic regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis [3, 52], but also for the sexually dimorphic regulation of the circadian rhythms of temperature and sleep [57, 58, 59]. Gender differences in the elderly exist, e.g., in the circadian course of body core temperature, with a phase advance of 1.25 h in its acrophase and with a larger amplitude of its temperature curve in women versus men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Hormone Receptors Are Present in the Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Kruijver¹,

Swaab²

2002

Neuroendocrinology

152

102

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the clock of the brain that orchestrates circadian and circannual biological rhythms, such as the rhythms of hormones, body temperature, sleep and mood. These rhythms are frequently disturbed in menopause and even more so in dementia and can be restored in postmenopausal women by sex hormone replacement therapy (SHRT). Although it seems clear, both from clinical and experimental studies, that sex hormones influence circadian rhythms, it is not known whether this is by a direct or an indirect effect on the SCN. Therefore, using immunocytochemistry in the present study, we investigated whether the human SCN expresses sex hormone receptors in 5 premenopausal women and 5 young men. SCN neurons appeared to contain estrogen receptor-α (ERα), estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) and progesterone receptors. Median ratings of ER immunoreactivity per individual and per gender group revealed a statistically significantly stronger nuclear ERα expression pattern in female SCN neurons (p < 0.05). No significant sexual dimorphic tendency was observed for nuclear ERβ (p > 0.1) and progesterone receptors (p > 0.7). These data seem to support previously reported functional and structural SCN differences in relation to sex and sexual orientation and indicate for the first time that estrogen and progesterone may act directly on neurons of the human biological clock. In addition, the present findings provide a potential neuroendocrine mechanism by which SHRT can act to improve or restore SCN-related rhythm disturbances, such as body temperature, sleep and mood.

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Vasopressin induces a luteinizing hormone surge in ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Cited by 134 publications

References 36 publications

Novel role of the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U in the control of LH secretion and its regulation by gonadal hormones and photoperiod

Novel role of the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U in the control of LH secretion and its regulation by gonadal hormones and photoperiod

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Sex Hormone Receptors Are Present in the Human Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

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