2015
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3126
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide represses activation of tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer via regulation of TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 and iNOS

Abstract: Abstract. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been regarded as deactivator for macrophages. However, the depressive effect of VIP on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) has not been recognized. In the present study, we investigated the effect of VIP on gastric cancer via TAM by suppressing expression levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 and iNOS. Real-time PCR was carried out to examine the expression of CD68 to determine the levels of TAM. The effect of VIP on cell activities was assayed by proliferation assay, col… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(14 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(59 reference statements)
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“…Meanwhile, the widely distributed vasoactive intestinal peptide and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) downregulate macrophage-derived production of numerous pro-inflammatory molecules, whereas inducing macrophage synthesis of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 ( 71 73 ). Overall, neuropeptides are able to modulate macrophage-dependent activities and promote body homeostasis in conditions as diverse as recovering injured nerve tissue, restraining tumor progression or preventing HIV-1 production ( 72 , 74 , 75 ).…”
Section: Neurotransmitters and Hormones Regulate Macrophage Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Meanwhile, the widely distributed vasoactive intestinal peptide and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) downregulate macrophage-derived production of numerous pro-inflammatory molecules, whereas inducing macrophage synthesis of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 ( 71 73 ). Overall, neuropeptides are able to modulate macrophage-dependent activities and promote body homeostasis in conditions as diverse as recovering injured nerve tissue, restraining tumor progression or preventing HIV-1 production ( 72 , 74 , 75 ).…”
Section: Neurotransmitters and Hormones Regulate Macrophage Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These include pheochromocytomas[63, 165], gastric-cancer[166, 167•], cervical-cancer[168], choriocarcinoma-cells[169], neuroendocrine-tumors[60•, 62, 170] and renal-cancer[59, 171•, 172]. …”
Section: Vip/pacap: Other Tumorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These findings indicate that the positive association of COX-2 with meningioma represents a potential area for therapeutic intervention with selective COX-2 inhibitors, either as an adjunct or in combination with radiation therapy. The final molecule predicted is IL-6, which belongs to the chemotactic cytokine family and correlates with occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of cancer [ 44 ]. Recent evidence suggests that, of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 is a central player linking chronic inflammation to cancer by driving tumor initiation and subsequent growth and metastasis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%