Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Lam, Karen Siu Ling

doi:10.1159/000125795

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Conversely, passive immunoneutralization with VIP antisera reduces or abolishes the normal PRL surge associated with ether stress, suckling, and direct serotonergic stimulation (Shimatsu et al, 1984;Abe et al, 1985) and (Kaji et al, 1985). Afferent sources of VIP include the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the PVN (Lam, 1991). However, VIP immunoreactive granules have also been localized in the lactotrophs (Segerson et al, 1989;Morel et al, 1982).…”

Section: Prl Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the PVN is among the best-studied sites of serotonininduced PRL release, and is known to contain the Recruitment of VIP neurons in the serotonin-induced PRL response is implied by the fact that VIP antiserum significantly blunts the usual PRL surge associated with serotonergic stimulation in vivo (Kaji et al, 1985;Shimatsu et al, 1982,). While it is hypothesized that VIP neurons of the PVN are directly stimulated by serotonergic fibers (Kiss et al, 1984;Lam, 1991;Reichlin, 1988), to date, serotonergic terminals have not been demonstrated on these VIPexpressing cells (Kiss et al, 1984).…”

Section: Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

Emiliano

Fudge

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The widespread use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been accompanied by numerous reports describing a potential association with hyperprolactinemia. Antipsychotics are commonly known to elevate serum prolactin (PRL) through blockade of dopamine receptors in the pituitary. However, there is little awareness of the mechanisms by which SSRIs stimulate PRL release. Hyperprolactinemia may result in overt symptoms such as galactorrhea, which may be accompanied by impaired fertility. Long-term clinical sequelae include decreased bone density and the possibility of an increased risk of breast cancer. Through literature review, we explore the possible pathways involved in serotonin-induced PRL release. While the classic mechanism of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia directly involves dopamine cells in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, SSRIs may act on this system indirectly through GABAergic neurons. Alternate pathways involve serotonin stimulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and oxytocin (OT) release. We conclude with a comprehensive review of clinical sequelae associated with hyperprolactinemia, and the potential role of SSRIs in this phenomenon.

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Section: Prl Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

Emiliano

Fudge

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…During the last decade, it has also been suggested that VIP could act as a neuroendocrine hormone (Lam 1991). Accordingly, studies have revealed a physiological role for VIP in reproductive functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of vasoactive intestinal peptide reduces testosterone levels and reproductive aging in mouse testis

Lacombe¹,

Lelièvre²,

Roselli³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide have long been considered as putative regulators of testicular functions. In vitro evidence suggests that VIP could play an important role in testosterone biosynthesis. However, the endogenous role of VIP on testicular functions remained to be demonstrated. In C57BL/6 mice exhibiting a complete disruption of the VIP gene, we first observed here that serum testosterone levels were lower than those of WT littermates. At the age of 4 months, this phenotype was accompanied with a reduction of expression of StAR and 3-b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3b-HSD) in the testis. In addition, serum levels of FSH but not LH were reduced in young knock-out (KO) males. Testicular anatomy also revealed a higher percentage of degenerated seminiferous tubules in the 4-month-old VIP KO animals when compared with WT. In 15-month-old animals, control males showed typical testicular aging, including a severe degeneration of seminiferous tubules, a dramatic decrease in serum levels of testosterone, and a reduction in StAR and 3b-HSD gene expression. In age-matching VIP KO males, the levels of serum testosterone and steroidogenic enzymes were still very low. Interestingly, in contrast to that observed in young mice, testicular degeneration at 15 months was significantly less severe in VIP KO than WT mice. All together, these results suggest that 1) VIP is an important factor for regulating testosterone biosynthesis and FSH secretion and 2) VIP may influence testicular aging.

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“…Extending the duration of feed availability to 24 h from the 8 h used in previous experiments appeared to reduce the likelihood of observing an effect of the brief, intermittent infusions of VIP on DMI. There is evidence that VIP stimulates the secretion of prolactin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone (Zudenigo and Lackovic 1989;Lam 1991), and relaxes the ROO and, therefore, has the potential to stimulate feeding in a complex way including via the central release of important hormones and/or via a local effect on the reticulorumen motility. It is not clear whether the VIP level in the general circulation would be high enough to induce any effects on a central ingestion center at the current infusion rate.…”

Section: Effects Of Vipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and environmental temperatures on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep

Li¹,

Okine²,

Christopherson³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and environmental temperatures on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172]. Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) infused into the gastric artery and exposure to a low temperature will increase feed intake, duodenal flow and amino acid supply to the small intestine of sheep, both effects as a result of increased ruminal outflow. A total of eight sheep (55 ± 2.7 kg) with rumen and duodenal cannulae and eight sheep without digestive cannulae were provided with continuous access to a diet of alfalfa pellets. Water and salt licks were accessible 24 h d -1 . Two infusion treatments, VIP (1 nmol min -1 ) solution or a saline control (0.9% NaCl solution) were given through a left gastricartery catheter for 10 min each hour for the first 3 h after feeding each day for 3 to 4 consecutive days in a crossover arrangement during experimental periods. Sheep were exposed to 1 ± 2°C in exp. 1, to a thermoneutral (21 ± 2°C) environment in exp. 3 and to both thermoneutral (21 ± 1.5°C) and cold environments (1 ± 2°C) in exp. 2. These studies demonstrated that a VIP infusion of short duration did not increase dry matter intake (DMI) (P > 0.05) and did not influence duodenal passage of DM, OM, CP, amino acids (AA) or bacterial protein (P > 0.05). The exposure of animals to a cold environment stimulated (P < 0.05) intake of DM, OM and AA and duodenal passage of DM, OM, AA and microbial protein. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between VIP and environmental temperature such that VIP improved duodenal AA passage in the thermoneutral, but not in the cold, environment. The data suggest that short-term VIP treatment does not induce a change in feed intake when sheep have access to feed for 24 h d -1 . Cold environmental temperature stimulates significant increases in feed intake and passage of protein and AA into the small intestine of sheep fed ad libitum, such that there was enrichment of intestinal supply of AA relative to digestible organic matter. Les animaux avaient aussi accès à de l'eau et à des blocs à lécher 24 heures par jour. Du PIV (1 nmol par minute) et de la saline (solution de NaCl à 0,9 %), comme solution témoin, ont été administrés aux animaux au moyen d'un cathéter inséré dans l'artère gastrique 10 minutes par heure pendant les 3 premières heures suivant l'alimentation, 3 ou 4 journées d'affilée, dans le cadre d'un plan croisé. Les animaux ont été exposés à une température de 1 ± 2°C lors de la première expérience, à une température neutre (21 ± 2°C) lors de la troisième et aux deux températures lors de la deuxième (température neutre de 21 ± 1,5°C et température froide de 1 ± 2°C). Les résultats révèlent qu'une brève infusion de PIV n'augmente pas la prise de matière sèche (MS) (P > 0,05) et n'exerce aucune influence sur le transit de la MS, de la matière organique, des protéines brutes, des acides aminés et des protéines...

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

From Galactorrhea to Osteopenia: Rethinking Serotonin–Prolactin Interactions

Lack of vasoactive intestinal peptide reduces testosterone levels and reproductive aging in mouse testis

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and environmental temperatures on feed intake, digesta flow and nutrient digestion in sheep

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