Vasectomy: Morphological and immunological effects

Abstract

Following initial concern that vasectomy might promote arterial and autoimmune disease, recent studies offer reassurance about its safety. The principal clinical problems are discomfort from distension and rupture of the epididymis and ductus deferens and low fertility after vasectomy reversal. This article reviews the local effects of vasectomy on the reproductive tract and the autoimmune response to spermatozoa which form the scientific background of these problems. Throughout the review, the contribution of morphological studies to current knowledge is stressed.