Vasculogenic mimicry is a marker of poor prognosis in prostate cancer

Liu, Ranlu; Yang, Kuo; Meng, Chao; Zhang, Zhihong; Xu, Yong

doi:10.4161/cbt.19602

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…VM structures were found more frequently in highly aggressive gliomas (33.3% of grade Ⅲ and 39.4% of grade Ⅳ cases) compared to the poorly aggressive ones (15.6% of grade Ⅱ and 0.0% of grade Ⅰ cases) (χ 2 =9.051, P=0.029), which is consistent with other tumors from different studies (4,13). mTOR protein expression in the human glioma tissues was investigated by immunohistochemistry ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is involved in the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

Min

Sun

et al. 2014

Oncology Reports

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Abstract. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator in malignant gliomas. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes functional channels established by highly malignant tumor cells that is different from endothelium-lined blood vessels. Our previous studies confirmed the existence and clinical significance of VM in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma. In the present study, by immunohistochemical and CD34/PAS histochemical double-staining, 34 cases (26.8%) with VM structures were identified among a total of 127 glioma cases, and these VM structures were associated with mTOR expression in the glioma specimens. In vitro, U87 malignant glioblastoma cells formed tube structures similar to HUVECs on Matrigel in 3D culture, and mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin inhibited VM formation in the U87 malignant glioblastoma cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. In addition, rapamycin and mTOR siRNA inhibited molecules in the signaling cascade of VM formation, particularly HIF-1α. Taken together, our results demonstrated that mTOR signaling is involved in VM formation, and may be a potential therapeutic target for gliomas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is involved in the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

Min

Sun

et al. 2014

Oncology Reports

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“…VM is an alternate tumor microcirculation pattern and is often present in certain high grade malignant tumors including inflammatory breast cancer [21], prostate cancer [22], and hepatocellular carcinoma [23]. To detect VM in human ovarian carcinoma and to determine if the number of VM channels is associated with histologic grade, VM structures were identified by H&E, IHC, and histochemical double staining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells and Expression of EZH2 Are Associated with VM Formation and Tumor Grade in Human Ovarian Tumor

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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To investigate the associations among the number of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM), EZH2 expression, and serous ovarian tumor grade, a total of 80 paraffin-embedded serous ovarian tumor samples including 21 cases of primary carcinoma and their metastatic tumors, 26 cases of primary carcinoma without metastasis, and 12 cases of serous borderline cystadenoma were analyzed. PGCCs and VM were detected in human serous ovarian tumor. The metastatic foci of ovarian carcinoma had the highest number of PGCCs and VM. The number of PGCCs and VM increased with the grade of ovarian carcinomas. PGCCs generated erythrocytes via budding and together they formed VM. Tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts were positive for EZH2 immunohistochemical staining. The tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts in the metastatic foci had the highest staining index of EZH2 staining. Both tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts express EZH2 which then contributes to the malignant grade of serous ovarian tumor.

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“…Tumour cells capable of VM formation have the commonality of a stem cell‐like, transendothelial phenotype after tumour tissues undergo hypoxia . VM formation has been linked to an unfavourable outcome of various human cancers . In PCa, high levels of tumour tissue VM are associated with higher tumour Gleason score, TNM and metastasis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZEB1‐mediated vasculogenic mimicry formation associates with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes in prostate cancer

Wang

Huang

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and altered ZEB1 expression could lead to aggressive and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes in various cancers. Tissue specimens from 96 prostate cancer patients were collected for immunohistochemistry and CD34/periodic acid–Schiff double staining. Prostate cancer cells were subjected to ZEB1 knockdown or overexpression and assessment of the effects on vasculogenic mimicry formation in vitro and in vivo. The underlying molecular events of ZEB1‐induced vasculogenic mimicry formation in prostate cancer were then explored. The data showed that the presence of VM and high ZEB1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score, TNM stage, and lymph node and distant metastases as well as with the expression of vimentin and CD133 in prostate cancer tissues. Furthermore, ZEB1 was required for VM formation and altered expression of EMT‐related and CSC‐associated proteins in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ZEB1 also facilitated tumour cell migration, invasion and clonogenicity. In addition, the effects of ZEB1 in prostate cancer cells were mediated by Src signalling; that is PP2, a specific inhibitor of the Src signalling, dose dependently reduced the p‐Src527 level but not p‐Src416 level, while ZEB1 knockdown also down‐regulated the level of p‐Src527 in PC3 and DU‐145 cells. PP2 treatment also significantly reduced the expression of VE‐cadherin, vimentin and CD133 in these prostate cancer cells. Src signalling mediated the effects of ZEB1 on VM formation and gene expression.

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Vasculogenic mimicry is a marker of poor prognosis in prostate cancer

Cited by 76 publications

References 22 publications

Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is involved in the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is involved in the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

Number of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells and Expression of EZH2 Are Associated with VM Formation and Tumor Grade in Human Ovarian Tumor

ZEB1‐mediated vasculogenic mimicry formation associates with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes in prostate cancer

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