Vasculitic Disorders

Paller, Amy S.; Mancini, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24475-6.00021-2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…During the clinical course of KD, conjunctival injection presented within first 2 days after the onset of fever (Fig. 2 ) [ 57 ]. Characteristically, red conjunctiva in KD is promptly recognized at a glance through the naturally transparent conjunctiva contrasted to the underlying white sclera.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Signs of Kawasaki Disease from the Perspective of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Recruiting Erythrocytes: A Literature Review

Oh¹,

Cho²,

Choi³

2023

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis affecting children younger than 5 years of age. Early period in life is marked by rapid somatic growth with cell proliferation and immaturity of the immunity with dominant innate immune system. Coronary complications in KD are the most common acquired heart disease in children, yet the diagnosis of KD still depends on the clinical diagnostic criteria. Glossy red lips and conjunctival injection are characteristic signs enabling pediatricians to make the initial diagnosis of KD; however, little is known why these are so characteristic. The diagnostic criteria of KD seem to be scattered in seemingly irrelevant body systems such as the eyes, lips, skin, and heart. KD is classified as a connective tissue disease. Recently, red blood cells (RBCs) have emerged as important modulators in innate immune response. RBCs are reported to participate in extracellular matrix remodeling and upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in dermal fibroblasts. Also, fibroblast growth factors and microRNAs associated with fibrosis are drawing attention in KD. The cardinal signs of KD appear at the border of muco-cutaneous junction. Head and neck regions are abundant in tissues undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interstitial carditis and valve insufficiency as well as coronary arterial lesions may complicate KD, and these lesions present in tissues that originated from epicardial progenitor cells by EMT. Having reviewed the recent research on KD, we presume that the signs of KD present at borders between keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium where the EMT is still ongoing for the rapid somatic growth where RBCs are recruited as an innate immune response and to prevent excessive fibrosis in mucosa. KD presents scarcely in adults with somatic growth and immune maturation completed. In this review, we attempted to explain the reasons for the clinical manifestations of KD and to search for a link among the diagnostic clues in the perspective of EMT during the somatic growth and immune system maturation in children with KD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate typically observed in patient with KD . Reproduced with permission from [ 57 ]. KD, Kawasaki disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Signs of Kawasaki Disease from the Perspective of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Recruiting Erythrocytes: A Literature Review

Oh¹,

Cho²,

Choi³

2023

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…This appearance of a firm calcified nodule within a fluid filled sac (fig 1) is characteristic of a bullous pilomatricoma. It is a bullous variant of a pilomatricoma, a benign tumour arising from hair matrix cells that frequently occurs in children and young adults 1. This woman in her late teens presented with a blister on her upper arm that appeared to have a firm white nodule inside surrounded by yellow fluid.…”

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confidence: 99%