Vasculature in pre‐blastema and nerve‐dependent blastema stages of regenerating forelimbs of the adult newt, <i>Notophthalmus viridescens</i>

Rageh, M A E; Mendenhall, Luciara; Moussad, Essam El-Din A.; Abbey, Sarah E.; Mescher, Anthony L.; Tassava, Roy A.

doi:10.1002/jez.10015

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…and C.J.T., unpublished), as well as the previously described vasculature in regenerating newt and axolotl limbs (Smith and Wolpert, 1975). However, the initial exclusion of the vasculature has since been challenged by another study that detected small capillaries connected to stump vasculature as early as 7 days post-amputation in newts (Rageh et al, 2002). Our results indeed point to an early stage where the forming blastema is likely to be avascular, drawing an interesting similarity between the nascent blastema and the avascular region beneath the apical epidermal ridge in the developing limb bud (Evans, 1909).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 92%

Pseudotyped retroviruses for infecting axolotl in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYAxolotls are poised to become the premiere model system for studying vertebrate appendage regeneration. However, very few molecular tools exist for studying crucial cell lineage relationships over regeneration or for robust and sustained misexpression of genetic elements to test their function. Furthermore, targeting specific cell types will be necessary to understand how regeneration of the diverse tissues within the limb is accomplished. We report that pseudotyped, replication-incompetent retroviruses can be used in axolotls to permanently express markers or genetic elements for functional study. These viruses, when modified by changing their coat protein, can infect axolotl cells only when they have been experimentally manipulated to express the receptor for that coat protein, thus allowing for the possibility of targeting specific cell types. Using viral vectors, we have found that progenitor populations for many different cell types within the blastema are present at all stages of limb regeneration, although their relative proportions change with time.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 92%

Pseudotyped retroviruses for infecting axolotl in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2013

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“…This was in contrast with the original phenotype description of these mice, where no significant decrease in wound size was observed in these animals. MRL/MpJ mice regenerated their ears by developing a blastema-like structure, similar to the structures seen in regenerating amphibian limbs (Figure 1; [23][24][25][26]). Interestingly, the regeneration was characterized by development of de novo cartilage islands in the de-differentiated cells of the mesenchyme (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Regeneration Can Occur In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing wound healing and regeneration for tissue engineering

Metcalfe

Ferguson

2005

Biochemical Society Transactions

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Biomedical science has made major advances in understanding how cells grow into functioning tissue and the signalling mechanisms used to achieve this are slowly being dissected. Tissue engineering is the application of that knowledge to the building or repairing of organs, including skin, the largest organ in the body. Generally, engineered tissue is a combination of living cells and a supporting matrix. Besides serving as burn coverings, engineered skin substitutes can help patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Today, most of these ulcers are treated with an approach that includes antibiotics, glucose control, special shoes and frequent cleaning and bandaging. The results of such treatments are often disappointing and ineffectual, and scarring remains a major problem, mechanically, cosmetically and psychologically. Within our group we are attempting to address this by investigating novel approaches to skin tissue engineering. We are identifying novel therapeutic manipulations to improve the degree of integration between a tissue engineered dermal construct and the host by both molecular manipulation of growth factors but also by understanding and harnessing mechanisms of regenerative biology. For the purpose of this summary, we will concentrate primarily on the latter of these two approaches in that we have identified a novel mouse mutant that completely and perfectly regenerates skin and cartilaginous components following ear injury. This experimental animal will allow us to characterize not only novel genes involved in the regeneration process but also to utilize cells from such animals in artificial skin equivalents to assess their behaviour compared with normal cells. This approach should allow us to create a tissue-engineered substitute, which more closely resembles the normal regional microanatomy and physiology of the skin, allowing better integration to the host with minimal or no scarring.

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“…In newts, AG protein is released by nerves, stimulates proliferation of cultured blastemal cells, and is sufficient when introduced by plasmid electroporation to rescue regeneration of the limb after denervation and amputation (Kumar et al, 2007). Finally, the blastema is neovascularized soon after its formation, a process necessary to support its growth (Bayliss et al, 2006; Huang et al, 2003; Rageh et al, 2002). Thus, the appendage blastema is rapidly cradled within a diverse environment that cultivates regenerative morphogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of blastemal proliferation by functionally diverse epidermis in regenerating zebrafish fins

Lee

Hami

Val

et al. 2009

Developmental Biology

122

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Appendage regeneration in salamanders and fish occurs through formation and maintenance of a mass of progenitor tissue called the blastema. A dedicated epidermis overlays the blastema and is required for its proliferation and patterning, yet this interaction is poorly understood. Here, we identified molecularly and functionally distinct compartments within the basal epidermal layer during zebrafish fin regeneration. Proximal epidermal subtypes express the transcription factor lef1 and the blastemal mitogen shh, while distal subtypes express the Fgf target gene pea3 and wnt5b, an inhibitor of blastemal proliferation. Ectopic overexpression of wnt5b reduced shh expression, while pharmacologic introduction of a Hh pathway agonist partially rescued blastemal proliferation during wnt5b overexpression. Loss- and gain-of-function approaches indicate that Fgf signaling promotes shh expression in proximal epidermis, while Fgf/Ras signaling restricts shh expression from distal epidermis through induction of pea3 expression and maintenance of wnt5b. Thus, the fin wound epidermis spatially confines Hh signaling through the activity of Fgf and Wnt pathways, impacting blastemal proliferation during regenerative outgrowth.

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Vasculature in pre‐blastema and nerve‐dependent blastema stages of regenerating forelimbs of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

Pseudotyped retroviruses for infecting axolotl in vivo and in vitro

Pseudotyped retroviruses for infecting axolotl in vivo and in vitro

Harnessing wound healing and regeneration for tissue engineering

Maintenance of blastemal proliferation by functionally diverse epidermis in regenerating zebrafish fins

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