Vascularized organoids on a chip: strategies for engineering organoids with functional vasculature

Abstract

Possible strategy to integrate pre-vascularized organoid and in vitro capillary bed on a microfluidic based platform, aiming for establishing perfused vasculature throughout organoids in vitro.

Organoids: a novel modality in disease modeling

“…For example, the lack of supportive vasculature for increased perfusion is highly critical. Vasculature not only plays an important role in many physiological regulations, but blood vessels are also known to promote signal transduction between cell–cell and cell–matrix, with their main function of transporting nutrients, oxygen, and remove wastes [ 179 ]. By incorporating vasculature into organoids, the size and duration organoid culture performance could be significantly increased.…”

“…By incorporating vasculature into organoids, the size and duration organoid culture performance could be significantly increased. This might be crucial for organoids to mimic real organs [ 179 ]. Recently, studies have progressively focused on developing vascularized organoids with different approaches ranging from co-culture with endothelial cells, to co-differentiation with mesodermal progenitors and in vivo transplantation, etc.…”

“…Recently, studies have progressively focused on developing vascularized organoids with different approaches ranging from co-culture with endothelial cells, to co-differentiation with mesodermal progenitors and in vivo transplantation, etc. In this regard, successful experiments were able to establish brain, liver, and kidney organoids [ 176 , 179 – 182 ]. Among them, sufficient perfusion was achieved in organoids through in vivo transplantation because of the appropriate microenvironment and niche.…”

Generation and validation of APOE knockout human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids

“…The lack of vascular system and microglia also limit the application of cerebral organoid models in related research fields. To address this caveat, emerging technology has further developed cerebral organoid models in which vascular cells ( Cakir et al., 2019 ; Mansour et al., 2018 ; Robert et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ) or microglia are incorporated ( Abreu et al., 2018 ; Lin et al., 2018 ; Ormel et al., 2018 ) .…”

iPSC-derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in a Fibronectin Functionalized Collagen Scaffold Augment Endothelial Cell Morphogenesis

“…The primary reason for this failure is the lack of vascularization in the implanted tissue-engineered constructs and cell death [3]. A prevascularized construct improves engraftment and survival after transplantation and helps in establishing a functional vasculature in the host [4]. In sum, this evidence suggests that prevascularized scaffolds can promote chronic wound healing.…”