Vascularization of Ossified Cartilage and the Spread of Cancer in the Larynx

Management of the thyroid gland during total laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

“…Thyroid cartilage invasion is considered to occur in areas in which cartilage has undergone ossification . In a study by Olszewski, laryngectomy blood vessels were injected with silicone rubber, and the behavior of the vessels was mapped . It was determined that cancer had most commonly spread through neo‐ossified cartilage, with little to no involvement of nonossified avascular cartilage .…”

“…In a study by Olszewski, laryngectomy blood vessels were injected with silicone rubber, and the behavior of the vessels was mapped . It was determined that cancer had most commonly spread through neo‐ossified cartilage, with little to no involvement of nonossified avascular cartilage . Therefore, in the aging larynx that has undergone ossification changes, these centers provide potential routes for direct extension of laryngeal tumors.…”

Special pattern of endochondral ossification in human laryngeal cartilages: X‐ray and light‐microscopic studies on thyroid cartilage

“…Besides, the ossification of the larynx cartilage is an important factor in the ageing of the human voice (Heinemann, ). As disadvantage of ossification it should be noted that cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton are damaged by laryngeal cancer mainly in ossified and vascularized sites (Olszewski, ; Kirchner, ; Tillmann and Paulsen, ; Paulsen and Tillmann, ). Furthermore, the ossified laryngeal framework is not only destroyed by invading laryngeal cancer cells, but also a target of metastases of primary tumors which prefer bone, such as for example prostatic cancer (Prescher et al, ).…”

Expression of c-erb B-2 oncoprotein in cancer of the larynx in relation to invasion of the cartilagenous framework and prognosis

“…No arytenoid cartilage invasion was observed, even with tumors reaching the posterior end of the vocal cords. This might be explained by the late onset of ossification of the arytenoid cartilages and the elastic nature of their apices and the vocal processes [23].…”