Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) in Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering: The Use of Differentiated Cells or Stem Cells as VSMC Precursors

Bačáková, Lucie; Trávníčková, Martina; Filová, Elena; Matějka, Roman; Štěpanovská, Jana; Musı́lková, Jana; Zárubová, Jana; MartinMolitor,

doi:10.5772/intechopen.77108

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This was proven by the expression of an SMC marker calponin. Greater cell population density and greater upregulation of early differentiation markers α-actin and calponin were achieved in a pressure-stimulated culture than in static conditions [18,32]. In this context, two mechanosensitive signaling pathways associated with SMC differentiation have been described: the RhoA-associated pathway, and the FAK kinase-associated pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioreactor Processed Stromal Cell Seeding and Cultivation on Decellularized Pericardium Patches for Cardiovascular Use

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: Decellularized xenogeneic tissues are promising matrices for developing tissue-engineered cardiovascular grafts. In vitro recellularization of these tissues with stromal cells can provide a better in vivo remodelling and a lower thrombogenicity of the graft. The process of recellularization can be accelerated using a cultivation bioreactor simulating physiological conditions and stimuli. (2) Methods: Porcine pericardium was decellularized using a custom-built decellularization system with an optimized protocol. Autologous porcine adipose-derived stromal cells (PrASCs), isolated from the subcutaneous fat tissue, were used for recellularizing the decellularized pericardium. A custom cultivation bioreactor allowing the fixing of the decellularized tissue into a special cultivation chamber was created. The bioreactor maintained micro-perfusion and pulsatile pressure stimulation in order to promote the ingrowth of PrASCs inside the tissue and their differentiation. (3) Results: The dynamic cultivation promoted the ingrowth of cells into the decellularized tissue. Under static conditions, the cells penetrated only to the depth of 50 µm, whereas under dynamic conditions, the tissue was colonized up to 250 µm. The dynamic cultivation also supported the cell differentiation towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In order to ensure homogeneous cell colonization of the decellularized matrices, the bioreactor was designed to allow seeding of the cells from both sides of the tissue prior to the stimulation. In this case, the decellularized tissue was recolonized with cells within 5 days of dynamic cultivation. (4) Conclusions: Our newly designed dynamic bioreactor markedly accelerated the colonization of decellularized pericardium with ASCs and cell differentiation towards the SMC phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioreactor Processed Stromal Cell Seeding and Cultivation on Decellularized Pericardium Patches for Cardiovascular Use

et al. 2020

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“…However, harvesting of mature SMCs from the walls of large vessels presents a clinical challenge, 79 and fibroblasts may not produce vessels of the same quality as other support cell types. 77 The use of MSCs is therefore of particular interest in tissue engineering, since these cells are abundantly available, secrete proangiogenic factors, 11,80,81 and have the ability to differentiate toward an SMC lineage.…”

Section: Coupled Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis 203mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis in Engineered Orthopedic Tissues

Schott

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Stegemann

2021

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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Inadequate vascularization of engineered tissue constructs is a main challenge in developing a clinically impactful therapy for large, complex, and recalcitrant bone defects. It is well established that bone and blood vessels form concomitantly during development, as well as during repair after injury. Endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to be key players in orthopedic tissue regeneration and vascularization, and these cell types have been used widely in tissue engineering strategies to create vascularized bone. Coculture studies have demonstrated that there is crosstalk between ECs and MSCs that can lead to synergistic effects on tissue regeneration. At the same time, the complexity in fabricating, culturing, and characterizing engineered tissue constructs containing multiple cell types presents a challenge in creating multifunctional tissues. In particular, the timing, spatial distribution, and cell phenotypes that are most conducive to promoting concurrent bone and vessel formation are not well understood. This review describes the processes of bone and vascular development, and how these have been harnessed in tissue engineering strategies to create vascularized bone. There is an emphasis on interactions between ECs and MSCs, and the culture systems that can be used to understand and control these interactions within a single engineered construct. Developmental engineering strategies to mimic endochondral ossification are discussed as a means of generating vascularized orthopedic tissues. The field of tissue engineering has made impressive progress in creating tissue replacements. However, the development of larger, more complex, and multifunctional engineered orthopedic tissues will require a better understanding of how osteogenesis and vasculogenesis are coupled in tissue regeneration.

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“…The main advantages of ADSCs are their relatively easy accessibility, the availability of sufficient quantities in almost all patients, a high proliferation rate, a low tendency to senescence and, last but not least, the potential to differentiate towards various cell types (for a review, see Trávníčková andBačáková 2018, Bacakova et al 2018a). ADSCs have also been reported to differentiate towards VSMCs, depending on the composition of the medium, the properties of the biomaterial, and the dynamic culture conditions (Zhang et al 2017, Bacakova et al 2018b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells towards vascular smooth muscle cells on modified poly(L-lactide) foils

et al. 2021

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The aim of our research was to study the behaviour of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on variously modified poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) foils, namely on pristine PLLA, plasma-treated PLLA, PLLA grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG), PLLA grafted with dextran (Dex), and the tissue culture polystyrene (PS) control. On these materials, the ADSCs were biochemically differentiated towards VSMCs by a medium supplemented with TGFβ1, BMP4 and ascorbic acid (i.e. differentiation medium). ADSCs cultured in a non-differentiation medium were used as a negative control. Mature VSMCs cultured in both types of medium were used as a positive control. The impact of the variously modified PLLA foils and/or differences in the composition of the medium were studied with reference to cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. We observed similar adhesion and growth of ADSCs on all PLLA samples when they were cultured in the non-differentiation medium. The differentiation medium supported the expression of specific early, mid-term and/or late markers of differentiation (i.e. type I collagen, αSMA, calponin, smoothelin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) in ADSCs on all tested samples. Moreover, ADSCs cultured in the differentiation medium revealed significant differences in cell growth among the samples that were similar to the differences observed in the cultures of VSMCs. The round morphology of the VSMCs indicated worse adhesion to pristine PLLA, and this sample was also characterized by the lowest cell proliferation. Culturing VSMCs in the differentiation medium inhibited their metabolic activity and reduced the cell numbers. Both cell types formed the most stable monolayer on plasma-treated PLLA and on the PS control. The behaviour of ADSCs and VSMCs on the tested PLLA foils differed according to the specific cell type and culture conditions. The suitable biocompatibility of both cell types on the tested PLLA foils seems to be favourable for vascular tissue engineering purposes.

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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) in Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering: The Use of Differentiated Cells or Stem Cells as VSMC Precursors

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Bioreactor Processed Stromal Cell Seeding and Cultivation on Decellularized Pericardium Patches for Cardiovascular Use

Bioreactor Processed Stromal Cell Seeding and Cultivation on Decellularized Pericardium Patches for Cardiovascular Use

Coupling Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis in Engineered Orthopedic Tissues

Differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells towards vascular smooth muscle cells on modified poly(L-lactide) foils

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