Vascular Repair by Grafting Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted much attention in the past few decades because of their unique magnetic responsiveness. Especially in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, they are mostly involved in non-invasive ways and have achieved good results. The magnetic responsiveness of MNPs is strictly controlled by the size, crystallinity, uniformity, and surface properties of the synthesized particles. In this review, we summarized the classification of MNPs and their application in vascular repair. MNPs mainly use their unique magnetic properties to participate in vascular repair, including magnetic stimulation, magnetic drive, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic assembly scaffolds, and magnetic targeted drug delivery, which can significantly affect scaffold performance, cell behavior, factor secretion, drug release, etc. Although there are still challenges in the large-scale clinical application of MNPs, its good non-invasive way to participate in vascular repair and the establishment of a continuous detection process is still the future development direction.

Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Ferrite and Gadolinium Iron Garnet Composite for Biomagnetic Applications

“…Their high surface-to-volume ratio [ 6 ] is responsible for their outstanding magnetic properties. In accordance with B. Issa et al [ 7 , 8 ], the primary characteristics that they must have to be used for biomedical applications are biocompatibility and non-toxicity; a particle size distribution between 10 and 200 nm [ 9 ]; a high saturation magnetization (M s ) to provide easy control of the particles in the blood through a moderate external magnetic field; and the possibility of better targeting of the pathologic tissue. By controlling the size, material, and coating of the MNPs, it is possible to improve and modify their properties considering the biomedical application in question.…”

A Single Infusion of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles Alters Differently the Expressions of Genes Involved in Iron Metabolism in the Liver and Heart of Rats

“…Nowadays, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are widely used in various areas, such as the cosmetic industry, biomedical research, medicine and others. In medicine and biomedical research, IONs can be used as contrast agents to improve magnetic resonance imaging, for cell labelling, targeted drug delivery, vascular tissue repair or for cancer treatment with hyperthermia [ 11 ]. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of IONs and other metal nanoparticles [ 12 , 13 ] and blood half-lives of IONs coated with different types of molecules in mammal models were reviewed previously [ 14 ].…”

Magnetoresponsive Functionalized Nanocomposite Aggregation Kinetics and Chain Formation at the Targeted Site during Magnetic Targeting

“…Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their nanocomposites, created with various functional coatings, are the most promising magnetic carriers for use in medicine [13][14][15][16][17], in particular in magnetically controlled tissue engineering [18] and cardiac regenerative medicine [19]. This is because essential requirements are met by them, including simple and non-toxic cellular uptake, superparamagnetic behaviour, the significant field-induced magnetic moments of multicore particles, good response to moderate magnetic fields, inherent ability to cross biological barriers, protection of the drug from rapid degradation in the biological environment, and a sizable surface area for conjugating targeting ligands.…”

“…Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with the built-in EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect (increased permeability and retention) protected nanocomposite particle against unwanted protein corona formation, allowing them to enter cells and be employed in medicine. Site-specific drug delivery is the main challenge when delivering drug-carrying particles into the bloodstream [14,15].…”